Fiscal crisis and fiscal reform in developing countries

In recent years, policy-makers in developing countries haveresponded to crisis of macroeconomic instability with two setsof measures: conventional stabilisation policies and policiesof economic liberalisation. The fiscal implications of thisdouble agenda are set out, following three lines of enquiry.First, how can policies be kept consistent, when some liberalisationmeasures have large adverse fiscal consequences? Second, cana fiscal deficit be reduced without damaging the provision ofpublic services vital for growth and poverty alleviation? Finally,since lack of tax revenue is usually the binding constrainton government intervention, how can this most easily be relaxed?     

谈私营企业主阶层地位的变迁及影响

私营企业主阶层地位及其地位相关关系的变迁受制于经济、制度诸因素的影响,其发展与地位变迁是一个与整个社会经济、制度环境互动的过程,同时也是这种互动的结果。本文主要对私营企业主阶层变迁的阶段进行了分析,并在此基础上分析私营企业的发展对于构建社会主义和谐社会的影响。     

Reforming Social Security in a Transition Economy: The Case of Lithuania

This paper points out a number of problems associated with the existing pension system in Lithuania. Reforms are proposed, including (i) a substantial increase in the basic pension benefit rate, financed on a pay-as-you-go basis, provided universally, and regulated according to wage/price indexation; (ii) a significant cut in the tax contribution rate to the public pension system matched by a rise in the VAT; (iii) a rise in the retirement age to 65 for both men and women; and (iv) a gradual conversion to a private, funded, mandatory pension system to replace the earnings-related part of the current pension system.     

国际货币体系改革——金融危机后的思考

美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机,使现行国际货币体系—牙买加体系的缺陷进一步暴露出来:美元本位制放纵了美国的过度消费,国际资本流动缺乏监管以及不稳定的汇率体系加剧了危机蔓延。虽然对国际货币体系的改革面临美元霸权、改革成本高等方面的阻碍,但改革现行的IMF以及扩展国际救助范围,加强金融监管力度已然成为改革方向。     

Why Civil Service Reforms Fail

Tactical choices in the design and implementation of civil service reform can determine whether it succeeds or fails. Yet researchers have paid scant attention to tactical issues in recent years. This article considers three such issues: the scope of reform, the role of aid donors, and the leadership of reform. In each area it considers what sort of approach is likely to maximize the chances of success. However, the article seeks to go beyond prescribing lessons, also looking at institutional and other reasons why reformers may be impelled to make the wrong tactical choices.     

合理设计生态税,有效保护环境

改革开放带来中国经济的高速发展,同时也不可避免地带来了环境问题。如何采取切实的手段保护环境成为政府、学者及公众关心的话题。文章以环境保护为出发点,试图通过建立有效的生态税制度,直接或间接将环境的损害者和受益者纳入到税收体系,从而引导、规范纳税人的行为,以保证环保政策的有效执行。     

开放催生“双城记”

在中国，省会城市无疑是各省的龙头，在方方面面遥遥领先省内其他城市。尤其是前些年，省会城市在省内处于绝对的“垄断”地位。然而，改革开放以后，情况就大不一样，有发展较快的城市敢与省会叫板，致使省会城市“一城独大”的地位在削弱。笔者认为这是好现象，城市问可以在互相挑剔、取长补短、比拼式发展中跳跃前行……。     

Teaching tax principles and policy: comparing the single textbook and wider reading approaches

This study set out to test the relative merits and desirability of teaching tax principles and policy based either on a single textbook, or by using the more traditional UK social science method of wider reading and a more individualistic approach to learning. The method employed was to teach taxation using the two approaches on two parallel public finance courses and to assess the outcomes in the form of student course essays and examination answers together with a questionnaire survey of students' opinion. The balance of advantage appeared to lie with the single textbook approach.     

国有商业银行产权改革方案选择

国有商业银行产权改革关系重大，需要有成熟的理论作为指导，有成熟的方案才可操作。本文对国有商业银行产权的委托代理方式、经营代理方式、改革的路径、改革的模式及股份制改造中的国有控股权的安排等问题在理论上进行分析和论述，并从各种方案中选择出了最适合我国国情的改革方案。     

试论国企改革中的产权流动与重组

在国企改革中，通过对行业内国有资产的战略性转移、系统性重组和结构性调整，以及兼并、联合、控股、嫁接合资、承包、拍卖、出售等资产流动与重组，转换企业经营机制，把国有企业搞活。