Innovation and diffusion of environmental technology: Industrial NOx abatement in Sweden under refunded emission payments

We study the actual process of technical change in the case of NOx abatement from large stationary sources that have been regulated by very forceful policies in Sweden. Considerable progress has been made in lowering aggregate emissions and this paper seeks to disaggregate average industry improvements to study how much of it is due to innovations by first movers, and how much is achieved by adoption and diffusion of technology. We find both factors very important. Innovation has been rapid: the best firms have cut emissions on the order of 70%. In spite of this, reductions have actually been even more rapid for the majority of firms so that the median firms have caught up with best practice. We analyze various characteristics of the technological change observed.     

对GB／T 14691—93《技术制图 字体》的建议

从实际使用和调查分析出发，对新国标《技术制图字体》的某些提法提出修改意见，并根据方便使用和习惯，从地位，执法，鉴定和建立字库等方面提出推广国家标准《技术制图 字体》的具体建议。     

Financing R&D in mature companies: An empirical analysis

We study financing patterns of publicly traded R&D-intensive manufacturing firms in Israel. We further characterize R&D-intensive firms by size, physical capital intensity, and whether they issued stocks in the United States, asking whether these features are associated with particular financing patterns. To address these issues, we present, for the first time, adjusted flow of funds charts that treat R&D expenses as a capital outlay (rather than an operating cost that reduces profits, as standard accounting principles prescribe). We also address the question of how R&D inputs should be measured - using R&D expenses or R&D personnel. We construct both expenditure- and personnel-based R&D measures for each firm in our sample, and investigate to what extent these measures are mutually consistent.     

基于贸易保护目标的技术性贸易壁垒形成机制分析——一个理论框架及其扩展

近年来,技术性贸易壁垒以其自身存在的合理性和必要性,逐渐成为了阻碍国际贸易发展的新壁垒形式。本文在综述技术性贸易壁垒形成机制观点的基础上,指出了它的保护主义实质,并从一个双寡头模型和新政治经济学视角分析了基于贸易保护目标的技术性贸易壁垒形成机制。     

我国东中西部高技术产业TFP比较分析

近10年来，我国高技术产业发展相当快，已成长壮大为国民经济重要的动力型先导产业。1995至2005年期间，我国高技术产业的增加值由1081亿元提高到8000亿元，高出规模以上工业2.7个百分点，对工业增长的贡献率达到13.2%，拉动工业增长约1.8个百分点，高技术产品出口额占全国外贸出口的比重达到28.6%。同时，高技术产品结构也进一步得到完善，正在向技术含量高、消费需求大的方向加速优化。总体来看，我国高技术产业继续保持了快速、健康、协调发展，对拉动国民经济增长、推动产业结构优化的作用日益明显。为了进一步弄清楚高技术产业的发展状况，本文着重从全要素生产率的角度，运用基于非参数的Malmquist指数方法和版面数据对我国三大区域进行了定量考察。通过对区域高技术产业发展差异分别从技术进步、技术效率和规模效率三个方面进行详细的描述，有针对性地提出相关对策建议，这对政府制定高技术产业发展政策、合理配置科技资源以及高技术企业的经营管理决策具有着重要的意义。     

Technical efficiency and CO2 abatement policies in the Dutch glasshouse industry

This paper develops a short-run microeconomic simulation model of the Dutch glasshouse industry in order to investigate the relation between technical efficiency and marginal abatement costs of CO₂ emission. The model is also used to determine the effects of an emission tax and systems of tradable and non-tradable quota for groups of firms with different rates of technical efficiency. The results show that marginal abatement costs are very responsive to changes in technical efficiency. Furthermore, it is found that firms with a low technical efficiency are faced with a higher profit reduction under different abatement policies than firms with a high technical efficiency.     

产品质量认证能否提高农户技术效率——基于山东、河北典型蔬菜种植区的证据

本文基于河北廊坊、山东寿光两地典型蔬菜种植区的1388份微观数据,利用超越对数随机前沿生产函数构建技术效率微观分析框架,在此基础上运用倾向得分匹配法构建反事实假设,估计三种不同类型的产品质量认证对农户技术效率的平均处理效应,并基于回归调整方法对产品质量认证影响农户技术效率的内部机制进行分解,评价产品质量认证对技术效率提升的具体作用路径。研究结果表明:有机农产品认证与绿色食品认证对农户技术效率具有显著的提升作用,农户的技术效率分别提高0.218和0.196;而无公害农产品认证没有显著提升农户的技术效率。考虑到某些不可观测的因素并采用稳健性估计后,该结论仍然稳健成立。此外,对效率增长的分解结果显示,有机农产品认证和绿色食品认证对技术效率的提升作用按贡献率大小依次来源于溢价激励的提升、成本压力的作用、组织支持的增强。     

Technical efficiency in the Spanish agrofood industry

This study estimates frontier production functions with cross-section data lor the Spanish agrofood industry by using deterministic and stochastic parameuic approaches. We compute the individual technical efficiency for each firm, compare the results and explain the relationship between technical efficiency and other relevant quantitative variables. The results indicate that the Spanish agrofood industry has a level of efficiency between 68% and 93%; which means that it is potentially capable of increasing production without increasing its Consumption of inputs. This efficiency level is positively related to factor productivity and unitary labour costs.     

Capabilities, innovation and competitive advantage

This special issue was aimed at advancing the literature examining the role of capabilities in innovation-based competitive strategy. Whilst the innovation literature has over the years moved away from its ‘product innovation’ pre-occupation to capture the role of other forms of innovation in value creation, the capability view has progressed from its ‘rigid’ or ‘static’ view to a ‘dynamic’ view in an effort to capture market dynamism. Despite the recent theoretical advancements the dynamic capability view still lacks a strong empirical base. Contributors to the capability literature over the recent years have adopted multiple research methods to capture capabilities that include cross-sectional designs, case studies and longitudinal studies. Within this backdrop, the articles that were selected for this special issue covers both conceptual and empirical approaches to examine the relationship between capabilities and technical and non-technical innovations and performance outcomes. This essay provides a future research agenda to advance this promising research field. It highlights the need for clearer conceptualizations and development of measures of dynamic capabilities, environmental conditions that underpin the development of dynamic capabilities within the firm and research into the much debated relationship between dynamic capabilities and competitive advantage and organizational performance.     

我国如何应对国际资本对华流动的新变化

90年代中后期以来，国际对华投资呈现出新的特点。本较具体地分析了国际资本对华流动的新变化，在我国加入WTO后的新形势下，就如何有效地利用国际资本来促进我国经济的健康发展提出自己的看法。