新中国70年的技术-经济范式追赶历程与领跑机遇

每一次技术革命都会催生一种新技术-经济范式。成熟的技术-经济范式会从核心（领跑）国家向后发国家扩散,并为“有作为”的后发国家提供范式追赶契机,新兴的技术-经济范式则会给经过几轮范式追赶且步入“并跑”阶段的后发国家创造范式领跑的历史机遇。新中国成立70年来,我国三次成功跨越技术-经济范式的“卡夫丁峡谷”,目前爆发的工业智能化革命给我国带来领跑新兴范式的历史机遇。从技术-经济范式赶超角度诠释中国70年经济发展历程,在理论反思的基础上探析制约我国范式领跑的体制机制缺陷,并提出应对之策。     

技术并购能够带来技术创新效应吗 ——收购公司成长潜力视角

选择2009—2017年我国A股高科技产业上市公司并购事件作为研究对象,考察技术并购能否给收购公司带来技术创新效应,以及收购公司成长潜力水平对技术并购与技术创新效应的调节作用,并进一步从两维度区分不同类型技术并购以检验其技术创新效应差异。结果发现：技术并购能够显著带来技术创新产出效应和技术创新促进效应;收购公司成长潜力越大,技术并购带来的技术创新效应越显著。此外,相对技术进入型并购,技术巩固型并购更能给收购公司带来显著技术创新效应,而国内技术并购与跨境技术并购带来的技术创新效应不存在显著差异。     

Introduction to special section on “Risk and Technology”

Technology has grown rapidly, a characteristic of our advancing civilization. Technology provides many valuable tools, but also introduces new risks. This special section of Technological Forecasting and Social Change provides the state of the art studies of risk and technology management.     

经济技术开发区在中西部地区产业结构升级中的作用——基于马氏距离配对的倍差法分析

本文以第二产业增加值占GDP比重度量产业结构优化程度,以西部大开发战略提出之后建立的16个中西部地区国家级经济技术开发区为分析对象,在马氏距离配对的基础上运用倍差法发现:平均来看中西部地区经济技术开发区的建立对母城产业结构升级的作用并不显著;城市化水平和引资程度的提高能够对城市产业结构升级产生持续时间较长的促进作用,且这种促进作用在制造业占比中表现得更为明显.因此,中西部地区经济技术开发区应积极承接东部地区经济技术开发区的制造业产业转移,提高自身的工业发展水平.     

高新技术企业融资方式、治理结构与技术创新能力关系研究

高新技术产业的发展对全球经济产生了重要的推动作用,但对于高新技术企业而言,制约其发展的一个重要障碍就是融资问题。风险投资是一种特殊的投资形式,与传统的债务融资对比,风险投资不仅为企业提供必要资金,还会参与企业的内部管理,对企业的治理结构产生影响,进而影响企业的技术创新能力。     

全球气候变化下碳排放与交易的会计问题:最新发展与评述

由于CO2大量排放,不仅使全球气候变化问题更加严峻,而且给企业带来了巨大的财务影响及会计处理难题。近年来,国际会计学界、相关机构及协会纷纷对二氧化碳排放所引起的会计问题展开理论研究和实务探讨,并取得了一系列的进展。本文介绍了当前国际研究机构及相关研究者就碳排放与交易的会计处理、规范所作的努力和最新研究成就,同时也提出了我国发展碳排放与交易的会计规范所需注意的原则及相关建议。     

Combining stated and revealed choice research to simulate the neighbor effect: The case of hybrid-electric vehicles

According to intuition and theories of diffusion, consumer preferences develop along with technological change. However, most economic models designed for policy simulation unrealistically assume static preferences. To improve the behavioral realism of an energy–economy policy model, this study investigates the “neighbor effect,” where a new technology becomes more desirable as its adoption becomes more widespread in the market. We measure this effect as a change in aggregated willingness to pay under different levels of technology penetration. Focusing on hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs), an online survey experiment collected stated preference (SP) data from 535 Canadian and 408 Californian vehicle owners under different hypothetical market conditions.Revealed preference (RP) data was collected from the same respondents by eliciting the year, make and model of recent vehicle purchases from regions with different degrees of HEV popularity: Canada with 0.17% new market share, and California with 3.0% new market share. We compare choice models estimated from RP data only with three joint SP–RP estimation techniques, each assigning a different weight to the influence of SP and RP data in coefficient estimates. Statistically, models allowing more RP influence outperform SP influenced models. However, results suggest that because the RP data in this study is afflicted by multicollinearity, techniques that allow more SP influence in the beta estimates while maintaining RP data for calibrating vehicle class constraints produce more realistic estimates of willingness to pay. Furthermore, SP influenced coefficient estimates also translate to more realistic behavioral parameters for CIMS, allowing more sensitivity to policy simulations.     

Localized innovation, localized diffusion and the environment: an analysis of reductions of CO2 emissions by passenger cars

We investigate technological change with regard to CO₂ emissions by passenger cars, using a Free Disposal Hull methodology to estimate technological frontiers. We have a sample of cars available in the UK market in the period 2000–2007. Our results show that the rates of technological change (frontier movement) and diffusion (distance to frontier at the car brand level) differ substantially between segments of the car market. We conclude that successful policies should be aimed at the diffusion of best-practice technology, and take account of the different potential for further progress between different segments of the market (e.g. diesel vs. gasoline engines and small vs. large engines).

三农现代化途径研究

在新的历史起点上推进三农现代化,需要直接以农业、农民和农村为发展对象.发展现代农业需要在农业中引入现代生产要素.其中最为突出的:一是科技要素,二是人力资本要素.鼓励现代生产要素投入农业的关键是提高农业投入收益率.城乡一体化是推进农村现代化的基本途径.城镇城市化和村庄集中是实现城乡一体化的有效途径.克服城乡二元体制是城乡一体化的制度保证.农民现代化的基本途径是农民不进城就市民化.其内容是农民享受平等的城市人的市民权利,城乡居民政治、经济和社会地位的平等,城乡生活方式的趋同,公共物品的享受权利平等.     

企业同质化对产业集群技术创新的影响与对策

我国产业集群以中小企业为主体,企业同质化现象较为普遍。以浙江产业集群发展中的企业同质化现象为研究对象,分析了高同质性在产业集群技术创新过程中所产生的促进和阻滞作用,从高同质性对技术创新正反两方面的影响探讨了趋利避害的对策措施。