On using relative prices to measure capital-specific technological progress

Recently, Greenwood, Hercowitz and Krusell (GHK) have identified the relative price of (new) capital with capital-specific technological progress. In a two-sector growth model, however, the relative price of capital equals the ratio of the productivity processes in the two sectors. Restrictions from this model are used with data on wages and prices to construct measures of productivity growth and test the GHK identification, which is easily rejected by the data. This raises questions about various measures of the contribution that capital-specific technological progress might make to the economy. This identification also induces a negative correlation between the resulting measures of capital-specific and economy-wide technological change, which potentially explains why papers employing this identification find that capital-specific technological change accelerated in the mid-1970s. We impose structure on the productivity measures based on their long-run behavior and find evidence of a slowdown in productivity in the 1970s that is common to both sectors and an acceleration in the mid-1990s that is exclusive to the capital sector.     

Functions of innovation systems as a framework to understand sustainable technological change: Empirical evidence for earlier claims

Understanding the emergence of innovation systems is recently put central in research analysing the process of technological change. Especially the key activities that are important for the build up of an innovation system receive much attention. These are labelled ‘functions of innovation systems’. This paper builds on five empirical studies, related to renewable energy technologies, to test whether the functions of innovation systems framework is a valid framework to analyse processes of technological change. We test the claim that a specific set of functions is suitable. We also test the claim made in previous publications that the interactions between system functions accelerate innovation system emergence and growth. Both claims are confirmed.     

环境规制对企业利润率的影响——基于中国工业行业数据的实证分析

我们使用中国36个工业行业2001～2006年的面板数据,实证分析了环境规制对企业利润率的影响。结果显示：环境规制对销售利润率没有显著影响,但是对滞后1期的成本费用利润率有显著的正向影响,这表明,从长期看环境规制对企业利润率的提高有一定程度的积极作用。导致这一结果产生的原因是,环境规制促进了企业的技术创新,弥补并超过了环境规制给企业生产带来的不利影响,从而导致企业利润率提高。实证分析还显示,环境规制对企业拥有专利数有显著的正向影响。     

高等教育融资的制度变迁与融资对策

我国的国情是“穷国”办了世界最大规模的教育,教育融资不足的问题是制约我国公立高等教育发展,乃至影响整个经济发展和社会进步的极为重要的课题.针对公立高等教育的准公共产品属性,我国公立高等教育融资需要国家、社会、学校及学生多主体同步推进,逐步加以解决.国家应该承担起教育投入的主要责任,合理规避高校贷款的融资风险;作为有益补充,学校可以采用稳步推进BOT融资等市场化融资手段,同时建立和完善“资本投资式”的助学贷款机制,减轻政府的财政负担.     

增强非公有制企业的技术创新能力

湖南非公有制企业技术创新能力较弱。主要成因是技术创新动力不足、资金缺乏、人才匮乏、环境欠优等。要从拓宽融资渠道、完善财税政策、创新用人机制、加大对知识产权保护力度等方面来提高非公有制企业技术创新能力。     

中国政府金融监管制度的演进与特点（1900～1949）

中国的金融监管始于20世纪初,经历了清末、北洋政府和南京国民政府等不同时期;金融监管体制经历了"单一监管——双头监管——单一监管"的变迁过程;其变迁方式表现为以强制性变迁为主,诱致性变迁为辅,且二者之间为一种逆向交替关系。