经营期望落差是否促进了企业探索性创新

经营期望落差是大部分企业可能面临的问题，但这种情况能否激发企业探索性创新尚无定论。以2013—2018年A股制造业高新技术企业数据为样本，对企业经营期望落差与探索性创新关系，以及产品市场竞争和技术多样性对于二者的调节效应进行检验。实证结果表明：经营期望落差往往会抑制企业探索性创新；产品市场竞争、技术多样性在经营期望落差和探索性创新间起显著负向调节作用，即促进经营期望落差状态下企业探索性创新；产品市场竞争和技术多样性之间存在联合情境效应，相比于低强度的市场竞争，激烈的产品市场竞争更能增强技术多样性对于经营期望落差和探索性创新关系的调节作用。结论对于深入理解业绩落差与探索性创新之间的关系，探究企业创新策略选择制约因素具有一定意义。     

网络经济发展的影响及其对策研究

网络经济始自于20世纪中期的以计算机网络信息技术和通信技术为基础的生产力的进步,它将人类社会推向了数字化、网络化、信息化和知识化的新阶段。网络经济不同于传统的工业经济、农业经济,它是以数码技术为基础,以互联网这一特殊形式为载体,以创新为核心,以新技术所驱动的可持续发展的新型经济,在人们的工作生活中发挥着日益重要的作用。因此,从理论和实践上加强对网络经济的研究,并针对网络经济下的对策进行分析,对促进我国社会主义经济建设具有十分重要的现实意义。     

基于社会网络的服务创新关系与知识扩散模型

服务创新系统状态取决于社会网络中知识主体之间的有效连接,服务创新关系优化表现为社会网络知识链结点之间,知识服务关系和创新过程的协同。通过分析基于社会网络拓扑结构的服务创新关系结构特征,从不同维度的结构关系研究其对创新性知识扩散过程产生影响,解析知识扩散过程和创新价值实现的效率。通过构建基于社会网络的SIR知识扩散模型,进一步对基于服务创新关系的知识扩散过程进行数量界定,提出了优化知识扩散效果、促进区域科技成果转化的对策。     

科技型中小企业专利工作现状及政策建议——基于上海市科技型中小企业实证调研的思考

科技型中小企业具有灵活的创新机制和较高的创新效率,是我国加快科技成果转化的重要载体。知识产权是科技型中小企业获得竞争优势的重要基础,其中专利是企业核心竞争力的体现。通过对上海市科技型中小企业专利工作的调研,就目前科技型中小企业专利工作的现状进行了讨论。企业专利管理模式与行业密切相关,不同的行业专利工作具有不同的管理模式,企业要依据专利工作的要求制定切实可行的专利战略。     

我国进口受限国家关键技术创新投资模型研究

我国的技术发展活动处于复杂和特殊的国际环境中,国外技术强国基于各种原因对我国设置了严格的技术出口限制政策。目前,国内在考虑技术强国技术出口限制因素研究国家关键技术创新模式的理论方法构建上存在空白。把技术强国对我国技术出口的限制因素作为国家关键技术选择与创新发展考虑的重要因素之一,对我国技术受限环境下国家关键技术的创新模式宏观路径以及微观选择方法进行了系统研究。     

我国科技创新能力评价研究

西方发达国家和国际组织非常重视对现代科技的统计与分析,其评价结果对于提升科技创新能力具有十分重要的意义。我国科技部的全国科技进步统计监测指标体系,在实践中也取得了较好的效果,成为国家经济与科技决策的重要参考依据。为进一步加快转变经济发展方式,促进国民经济又好又快发展,很有必要对现行指标体系进行完善和修订,增强其宏观决策参考的科学性。借鉴已有研究成果,构建科技创新能力评价指标体系,并应用因子分析方法,对各地区科技创新能力进行综合评价。结合评价结果和研究现状,深入剖析科技创新能力评价存在的问题,在理论研究、指标设计、评价方法、数据库建设等方面,提出进一步完善科技创新评价的对策建议。     

A compared R&D-based and patent-based cross impact analysis for identifying relationships between technologies

The planning of technological research and development (R&D) is demanding in areas with many relationships between technologies. To support decision makers of a government organization with R&D planning in these areas, a methodology to make the technology impact more transparent is introduced. The method shows current technology impact and impact trends from the R&D of an organization's competitors and compares these to the technology impact and impact trends from the organization's own R&D. This way, relative strength, relative weakness, plus parity of the organization's R&D activities in technology pairs can be identified.A quantitative cross impact analysis (CIA) approach is used to estimate the impact across technologies. Our quantitative CIA approach contrasts to standard qualitative CIA approaches that estimate technology impact by means of literature surveys and expert interviews. In this paper, the impact is computed based on the R&D information regarding the respective organization on one hand, and based on patent data representative regarding R&D information of the organization's competitors on the other hand. As an illustration, the application field ‘defence’ is used, where many interrelations and interdependencies between defence-based technologies occur. Firstly, an R&D-based and patent-based Compared Cross Impact (CCI) among technologies is computed. Secondly, characteristics of the CCI are identified. Thirdly, the CCI data is presented as a network to show the overall structure and the complex relationships between the technologies. Finally, changes of the CCI are analyzed over time. The results show that the proposed methodology has the potential to generate useful insights for government organizations to help direct technology investments.     

Developing transition pathways for a low carbon electricity system in the UK

This paper describes the approach to developing transition pathways for a low carbon electricity system in the UK, being pursued in a major new inter-disciplinary research project. The project aims (a) to learn from past transitions to help explore future transitions and what might enable or avoid them; (b) to design and evaluate transition pathways towards alternative socio-technical energy systems and infrastructures for a low carbon future; and (c) to understand and, where appropriate, model the changing roles, influences and opportunities of large and small ‘actors’ in the dynamics of transitions. The paper describes the approach, which builds on the work of Dutch researchers on transitions and transition management using a multi-level framework of niches, socio-technical regime and landscape, as well as on other parts of the innovation systems literature. It also describes its application to several outline transition pathways to a low carbon energy system in the UK. The pathways embrace both the evolution of the physical and institutional infrastructure changes and the roles of both large actors, e.g. multinational energy supply and distribution companies, national governments, major investors, and small actors, e.g. households, innovators and entrepreneurs.     

Initial infrastructure development strategies for the transition to sustainable mobility

Within the Dutch transition policy framework, the transition to hydrogen-based transport is seen as a promising option towards a sustainable transport system. One aspect of such transition processes that is emphasized in transition management is learning about user behaviour and preferences. However, while earlier research on sustainable mobility acknowledges the importance of refuelling infrastructure, the question of how to unroll such an infrastructure and the role of user practices and user behaviour largely remains unanswered. In this paper we present an agent-based model to study the process of development from niche to market for hydrogen vehicles. We thereby focus on the role of users in this process and support our model by empirical data. Within this model the effects of different strategies for hydrogen infrastructure development on hydrogen vehicle fleet penetration are studied. More specifically, diffusion patterns for hydrogen vehicles are created through the interactions of consumers, refuelling stations and technological learning. The main result is that social network effects do influence the technological trajectory of hydrogen vehicles and thus should be taken into account by infrastructure developers and policymakers.     

我国资本市场支持科技创新的实证研究

我国资本市场的发展对科技创新的3个阶段的支持作用相对比较薄弱,只存在中长期信贷市场对科技创新的知识传播阶段起促进作用,而对其它两个阶段作用不明显。同时,证券市场对科技创新3个阶段的作用无法体现。我国资本市场要在推动科技创新上有所作为,还需在市场理念、制度、结构和产品方面进行改进和提高。