我国体育彩票立法的回顾与评析

1994年开始发行体育彩票以来,体育彩票在我国的发行已经走过了十余年的历程。在这十余年中,我国的体育彩票取得了飞速发展。然而,我们在为所取得的成绩感到欣慰的同时,期间所出现的一些问题也引起了我们的反省与深思。例如,湖北省“4．20体育彩票案”、深圳体育彩票纠纷案等。当然,导致这些体育彩票案件出现的因素是多方面的,但立法的滞后显然已成为制约我国体育彩票进一步发展的最重要因素。为此,笔者通过对我国体育彩票立法的回顾与评析,期望能对我国体育彩票市场的规范、有序发展起到一定的作用。     

The desired level of market orientation and business unit performance

Existing studies of market orientation have hypothesized that the strength of the market orientation/performance relationship depends on environmental variables such as market turbulence, technological turbulence, and competitive intensity. To date most empirical studies have failed to confirm these hypotheses; however, these studies (1) assumed that performance is a linear function of the achieved level of market orientation and (2) tested whether environmental uncertainty moderates this relationship. A complementary explanation for the impact of environmental variables on a firm’s market orientation arises from studies of organizational behavior that link the need for coordination and control to environmental uncertainty and organizational strategy. Building on this perspective, the authors argue that (1) environmental uncertainty influences the desired level of market orientation and (2) the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation influence business unit performance. The authors test these hypotheses with data collected from multiple respondents in 308 US firms. The data analysis confirms that the desired level of market orientation is a function of market turbulence, competitive intensity, technological turbulence, and innovation strategy. In addition, the desired level of market orientation positively influences the achieved level. Finally, when the achieved level of market orientation is less than the desired level, business unit performance is a negative function of the gap between the desired and achieved levels of market orientation.

旅游者认知地图研究综述

认知地图是行为地理学中的一个重要研究领域,本文在梳理认知地图的概念体系、地理学与心理学对认知地图研究基础上,综述了近30年国内外旅游者认知地图的研究.研究发现:①旅游者认知地图是具有空间定位功能的、动态的、三维的旅游环境综合表象;②受旅游活动特点和旅游地类型影响的旅游者形成了独特的认知地图类型与空间结构;③旅游者在环境习得速度和过程方面都与一般环境学习存在显著差异;④旅游者认知地图形成过程中的人类影响因素主要表现为游客类型影响因素;⑤旅游领域的研究多采用适合现场情境的方法和技术;⑥旅游者认知地图研究尚处于不成熟阶段,主要表现为研究思想、内容和方法技术等方面的缺陷.最后提出旅游者认知地图几个多学科的重要命题.旅游者认知地图研究对于旅游规划、旅游目的地营销和旅游空间行为研究具有一定理论和实践意义.     

对大众化教育阶段高职院校功能定位与发展评价的思考

随着高等教育特别是高等职业教育的迅猛发展,我国的高等教育已进入大众化教育阶段。本文分析了大众化教育阶段的时代特点和历史要求,明确了高职院校发展的功能定位,提出了高职院校建设与发展的评价指标体系,这对于高职院校贯彻落实科学发展观具有重要意义。     

Impact of Personal and Situational Factors on Taxpayer Compliance: An Experimental Analysis

This study used a laboratory experiment with monetary incentives to test the impact of three personal factors (moral reasoning, value orientation and risk preference), and three situational factors (the presence/absence of audits, tax inequity, and peer reporting behavior), while controlling for the impact of other demographic characteristics, on tax compliance. Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) reveals that all the main effects analyzed are statistically significant and robustly influence tax compliance behavior. These results highlight the importance of obtaining a proper understanding of these factors for developing effective policies for increasing the level of compliance, and indicate that standard enforcement polices based on punishment alone should be supplemented by an information system that would acquaint tax payers with the compliance level of other tax payers; reinforce the concept of fairness of the tax system among tax payers; and develop programs that enhance and appeal to a taxpayer's moral conscience and reinforce social cohesion.     

论商业秘密民事救济与行政救济的定位与衔接

在商业秘密侵权救济中,商业秘密权利人可以要求民事救济、行政救济和刑事救济,TRIPS协议和国外立法中对商业秘密侵权救济模式也有相应的立法例,笔者试图从这些侵权救济模式出发,分析商业秘密民事救济和行政救济中的法律问题,包括国外行政救济的有限性和我国的主要实践、行政救济的主体和管辖、不足与完善,商业秘密民事诉讼主体的确定和管辖问题。在此基础上研究了商业秘密侵权责任模式的界限,需要注意民事责任和行政责任的竞合以及行政、民事案件审理的交叉和协调,确立以民事救济为主导的救济模式,发挥行政救济的补充作用,完善民事救济和行政救济的定位和衔接。     

城市副中心商圈定位研究

随着各地城市建设速度的加快 ,许多城市都面临着老城区商业中心的改造 ,城市副中心新商圈的建设问题。因此 ,商圈定位问题也一再被人们所关注。文章从解释商圈定位的涵义入手 ,阐述了城市副中心商圈定位 ,对政府的远景规划、商业方向的定位、零售业态的选择、房地产项目以及区域发展等的意义 ,探讨如何从商圈辐射力、商圈引客效应、商圈向心力、商圈竞争力、商圈发展潜力等方面对将要改扩建的商圈进行分析 ,研究不同条件下的城市副中心商圈定位模式。     

资源枯竭型城市的战略定位及发展思路——对“白银现象”的思考

资源枯竭型城市的产业转型和经济社会可持续发展是当前中国经济发展和社会和谐中亟待解决的问题。本文以甘肃省矿产资源枯竭型城市白银市为研究对象,分析了产业转型的定位及发展思路,总结了产业转型方面的经验,并提出为其他资源枯竭型城市可借鉴的建议。     

On the importance of matching strategic behavior and target market selection to business strategy in high-tech markets

Business strategy is fundamentally concerned with the actions required to create superior customer value in the firm’s target markets with the ultimate goal of achieving superior performance. Marketing theory suggests that two critical marketing activities required to achieve this end are: (1) the adoption of appropriate strategic behaviors (i.e., customer-oriented, competitor-oriented, technology-oriented) and (2) targeting of the appropriate market segments (i.e., innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, laggards). This study builds on prior research which demonstrates that the strategic behavior—firm performance relationship is contingent on the firm’s strategy by examining this relationship in high tech markets and by considering the incremental contribution of appropriate target market selection. Responses from 160 senior marketing managers in high-tech firms reveal strong support for our framework. Thus, this study provides useful guidance to executives and managers in high-tech firms regarding the steps that they should take to increase their probability of success.

论中部地区的战略定位

中部地区是我国全面建设小康社会的重点区域，是我国新型工业化的主战场，是我国区域经济协调战略中的重要枢纽，将其定位为中国经济第四增长极具有十分重要的意义。中部地区具有较强的经济实力和经济联系、丰富的自然资源和雄厚的产业基础、突出的区位优势和优越的交通条件、很强的科技实力和不竭的创新能力，完全可以建设成为“第四极”。