对外贸易与中国制造业发展：基于可计算一般均衡（CGE）模型的模拟分析

运用CGE模型模拟分析了对外贸易对我国制造业主要行业的产出、收益及投资水平的作用效果。分析结果显示,制造业产出、收益和投资变化率与对外贸易变化率呈正相关;除了金属行业的收益增长率在贸易小幅增长时,其行业的收益率高于贸易的增长率以外,其余行业的贸易的增长率均大于各行业收益增长率,低于投资增长率;而贸易的小幅增长对于纺织业、金属行业、炼焦、煤气和石油加工业的收益水平的提升更有利;贸易的高度增长对于具有增长潜力的机械行业更有利;对于食品制造业、化学行业、非金属矿物制品业来讲贸易的适度增长对行业发展更有利。由此提出在大力发展制造业贸易的同时,要针对各行业对贸易的不同敏感程度,合理的调整产业政策,发挥技术创新能力,以此提升制造业的贸易利得。     

Trade and dietary diversity in Eastern Europe and Central Asia

In public and academic debates, the linkages between agricultural markets and nutrition across the world are vividly discussed. This paper contributes to the ongoing debate by analyzing the relationship between greater openness to trade and dietary diversity. It focuses on the post-communist countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia where trade reforms triggered growth in trade flows and foreign direct investment, which in turn affected food systems in these countries. This shift provides a natural experiment for studying the effects of trade openness on agricultural markets and consumer behaviour. Reduction in trade barriers, for instance in the context of the accession to the WTO and the EU, and the gradual integration with world markets after 1991 had implications for diets through changes in production, prices and incomes. We utilize country-level panel data for 26 post-communist countries in the period 1996–2013 to assess the effects of trade costs, agricultural trade openness and incomes on dietary diversity measured by the Shannon entropy index. The results from fixed effects and instrumental variables estimation are consistent with previous findings that income growth affects dietary diversity positively. They also provide novel evidence that trade barriers reduce variety of products available in domestic markets, in particular fruits and vegetables.     

从零部件贸易看中日韩分工差异

本文以中国为研究对象,对中国在日韩市场上零部件生产和组装的比较优势的分布、结构和变迁情况进行了细致梳理。通过分析扩展的RCA指标,得出结论,针对日韩两国市场而言,中国在零部件生产上的比较优势总体上呈增强趋势;在组装业务上,中等技术零部件逐渐呈现萎缩态势,而高技术零部件组装的比较优势正在扩大。随着时间的推移,中国同日韩两国之间的生产共享加强,而生产和组装结构也在一定程度上呈现出升级态势。     

后危机时代中国外贸宏观管理的战略调整:金融经济语境的实证描述

金融经济的全球渗透业已构成后危机时代中国外贸宏观管理的内在要素。通过构造影响实体经济的新机制和增加货币市场需求管理的复杂性重塑全球市场的需求面,辅之以全球化新趋势的供给面变化,金融经济正在构建新的国际贸易政策的全球环境。有鉴于此,中国外贸宏观管理调整应关注金融经济对国际贸易发展的内生性影响,相机实施新的外贸宏观调控以适应金融经济日益深化条件下经济周期的特征变化,同时基于中国开放型经济发展阶段特征的识别,建立国内外需求的统筹调节机制以满足宏观战略和企业组织结构调整目标。近期应当注意统筹运用金融、货币和主权信用手段改进中国的出口贸易环境,整合全球分销网络以建立动态培植和调节需求的新机制,并加强新型贸易品部门监控。     

Implications of domestic price insulation for global food price behavior

Rapid changes in global food prices in recent years are widely viewed as a serious threat to global development. While various sources of price instability in agriculture have been identified, little attention appears to have been given to the importance of changes in trade policies that insulate domestic prices from world markets as a source of volatility in world prices. A contribution of this paper is to show that these interventions are dynamically more complex than simple proportional insulation. Insulation against an initial price increase in world prices increases the magnitude of that increase, while subsequent adjustments to the level of protection change the fundamental nature of price volatility. We find such policies are widespread and increase the volatility of world prices while not reducing the volatility of domestic prices because of the collective action problem involved in this form of policy intervention.     

Speculative dynamics and price behavior in the Shanghai Stock Exchange

This article examines the extent to which the trading behavior of heterogeneous investors manifests in stock price changes of asset portfolios which constitute the Shanghai Stock Exchange. There are three major findings that materialize. Firstly, reliable statistical evidence of a negative relation between the conditional first and second moments of the return distributions of stock prices lends support to the volatility feedback effect. Secondly, ‘feedback’, or momentum-type investors, are not present in this market as is often detected from the daily price changes of other industrialized markets. Finally, trade volume as a proxy for ‘information-driven’ trading suggests that such investors play a statistically significant role in stock price movements. Parameter estimates from this latter group of investors imply that a rise in stock prices from a high volume trading day is more likely than a rise resulting from a low volume trading day.     

External balances,trade flows and financial conditions

This paper studies how changing expectations concerning future trade and financial conditions are reflected in international external positions. In the absence of Ponzi schemes and arbitrage opportunities, the net foreign asset position of any country must, as a matter of theory, equal the expected present discounted value of future trade deficits, discounted at the cumulated world stochastic discount factor (SDF) that prices all freely traded financial assets. I study the forecasting implications of this theoretical link in 12 countries (Australia, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Thailand, The United States and The United Kingdom) between 1970 and 2011. I find that variations in the external positions of most countries reflect changing expectations about trade conditions far into the future. I also find the changing forecasts for the future path of the world SDF are reflected in the dynamics of the U.S. external position.     

Trade credit and the joint effects of supplier and customer financial characteristics

We examine how access to bank credit affects trade credit in the supplier–customer relationships of U.S. public firms. For identification, we use exogenous liquidity shocks to supplier firms in the form of staggered changes to interstate bank branching laws. Using a variety of tests, we show that supplier firms with greater access to banking liquidity offer more trade credit to their customers. We also show that when bank branching restrictions are relaxed in the supplier’s state, the supplier–customer relationship is more likely to survive.     

从出口大国走向出口强国--1980-2002年全球出口国别格局变化与中国的地位分析

本文以全球出口国别格局的变化为背景,分析20年来中国与美、日、欧等发达国家的双边贸易关系走势,指出中国在已成为出口大国的新形势下,需要以大国的心态来处理国际贸易事务,逐步改变多年来形成的一些习惯思维,调整一些因特定环境出台的刺激政策,以解决长期积累的一些结构性问题,为从出口大国走向出口强国打好基础.     

服务贸易对我国GDP增长贡献的实证研究

服务业与服务贸易已成为当今世界各界关注的重要问题,各国服务业和服务贸易的发展状况和竞争力昭示着其未来经济的发展前景.在现有理论文献的基础上,本文的实证研究表明,目前我国服务业对GDP增长的贡献日益显著,但仍不足.服务进出口额与GDP存在正相关性,且目前服务进口对国民经济增长的促进作用大于服务出口.