Transfer of market knowledge in a channel relationship: Impacts of attitudinal commitment and satisfaction

This paper attempts to explain how a manufacturer's attitudinal commitment and a distributor's kind and degree of satisfaction have an impact on the transferring of market knowledge from the distributor in a channel relationship. Using data from 225 paired distributors and manufacturers in the Chinese household appliances entity, six of our seven research hypotheses were supported. Results of the study show that a distributor's economic satisfaction directly promotes market knowledge transfer, while a distributor's social satisfaction will enhance market knowledge transfer only when positive economic satisfaction already exists. Furthermore, both the calculative commitment and the loyalty commitment of a manufacturer have inverse U-shaped relationships with a distributor's economic satisfaction, and are negatively and positively related, respectively, to the distributor's social satisfaction. The study thus points out the distinct roles of economic satisfaction and social satisfaction and their interaction in market knowledge transfer, and the insightful impacts of calculative and loyalty commitment on economic and social satisfaction. These findings provide new theoretical thinking about channel relationship management and the business practices of manufacturers.     

Income Shifting and International Transfer Pricing: A Three-Country Example

There is a long held belief that international transfer pricing (ITP) is used by multinational enterprises (MNEs) to minimize global tax liability. On the one hand, this is a rational economic response to market imperfections created by national governments. An alternative view decries such actions as anti-competitive and an abuse of power. This article ex-amines the potential benefit to enterprises of ITP manipulation when a real world combination of fiscal rules are simultaneously applied in practice. The countervailing impact of different national rules appears to result in ITP having a minor significance on parent after-tax income. Differential rates cause minor benefits but the absence of a form of tax, such as withholding tax, can provide substantial opportunities to maximize global after-tax income through the choice of transfer price. ITP can therefore provide benefits when national jurisdictions do not have consistent forms of taxation. In all the scenarios explored, major variations are apparent in the after-tax income of subsidiaries operating under different combinations of fiscal regimes and ITP policies. The tension between head-quarter and subsidiary management may be most pronounced when a subsidiary is located in a jurisdiction not having a complete range of tax forms.     

中国式分权、转移支付与居民收入不平等

本文首先采用基尼系数对我国城乡、城镇和农村居民收入不平等程度进行重新测度,然后以政府转移支付为门限变量建立面板门限回归模型,对财政收支分权与居民收入不平等之间关系进行实证检验,结果发现:一是财政收入分权与收入不平等显著负相关,财政支出分权与收入不平等显著正相关;二是财政收支分权对不同类型收入不平等的作用效果存在较大差异.其中,无论是财政收入分权抑或支出分权对收入不平等的政策效应大小依次是城镇居民＞农村居民＞总体居民;三是政府转移支付在不同区制对居民收入不平等的影响呈现显著地非线性特征.即从相对较低的第一区制跨入较高的第二区制时,转移支付对居民收入不平等的影响由负转变为正.本文以上研究结论不仅对于全面构建央地新型政府间财政关系,还可以为促进公平收入分配提供理论依据与决策参考.     

转移支付能提升产业集聚水平吗?

本文应用Riou(2006)的研究框架,分析转移支付对产业集聚水平的影响,发现转移支付有利于提高产业集聚水平,但地区间竞争会降低转移支付效率;同时转移支付存在一个最优规模。利用1995～2008年中国省级面板数据进行实证检验,研究表明,中国的转移支付水平与产业集聚之间呈现"倒U形"关系,转移支付和地区竞争对产业集聚的影响存在地区性差异,东部地区的转移支付效率相对较高。因此,需要综合利用政策手段,提高中西部地区的产业集聚水平。     

地权稳定性、土地流转与农地资源持续利用

土地使用权的稳定性、土地流转等农地产权制度对农地资源的影响一直是农村经济改革和农地制度绩效评价中备受关注的问题之一。本文通过建立土壤肥力变化的社会经济及政策影响因素模型 ,利用 6省 1 5县市 1 80个样本地块在 2 0世纪 80年代初期和 2 0 0 0年的土壤实验数据 ,结合同时期这些样本地块所在生产小组的社会经济调查数据 ,对于地权稳定性、农户间非正式土地流转等社会经济及政策因素如何影响农地土壤的可持续生产能力进行了实证分析。模型估计结果表明 :稳定的土地使用权有助于改善农地土壤的长期肥力 ;农户之间的非正式土地流转容易造成农地土壤长期肥力的衰退 ,但对土壤的短期肥力无显著影响 ;同时 ,农村劳动力机会成本提高并没有引起农地土壤肥力的损耗     

快速经济发展下县级土地利用/覆被空间变化分析

土地利用/覆被变化(LUCC)是人类活动对自然环境施加影响的显著表现形式。本文以案例的形式,运用LUCC度量模型和LUCC转移矩阵分析研究区清新县2001-2007年的LUCC空间格局变化,并对全县土地利用/覆被进行了分区。研究结果表明,清新县2001-2007年面积增加最多的为林地,而减小最多的为耕地,期间全县综合土地利用/覆被动态度为2.77%、土地利用/覆被强度从2.163增至2.172;同时,清新县土地利用/覆被存在着较为明显的空间差异,全县土地利用/覆被区划可分为南部综合服务中心区、中部产业转移区和北部生态脆弱区三个功能区。     

农村劳动力转移培训中政府介入的现状分析及政策启示

当前,农村劳动力转移培训中存在着诸如培训信息不足、规模小、落实制度不到位等问题,根本原因在于政府对于自身的职能定位不明确,在行政推动的运作过程中出现了错位与越位现象。因此,需要对政府在其中的职能进行明确定位,以进一步改善绩效。本文结合农村劳动力数量大、素质低、技能低、收入水平低的现状,对农村劳动力转移培训中政府的职能做如下定位:整合社会资源,增加培训供给,提供培训机会,优化供给结构,强化信息服务,促进社会公平。     

外商直接投资对浙江农产品加工业影响研究

本文通过建立计量模型,分析了近年外商直接投资对浙江农产品加工业发展的影响。研究结果显示,外商直接投资对浙江农产品加工业国内投资和就业没有明显的挤出效应,技术转移的效果显著;但较大的技术差距不利于国有及国有控股农产品加工企业获取跨国公司技术转移外溢效应。     

国外跨流域水利工程运行管理体制分析

本文在简要介绍美国、澳大利亚等国家跨流域调水工程运行管理经验和特点的基础上,提出了相应的建议,以期对我国南水北调工程的运行管理提供一些借鉴。     

Towards Reconciling Transaction Cost Economics and the Knowledge-based View of the Firm: The Context of Interfirm Collaborations

This paper presents a set of relationships that have the potential to reconcile the dispute between the knowledge-based view of the firm (KBV) and transaction cost economics (TCE). Several KBV scholars have argued that governance choice need rely only on bounded rationality and not on opportunism where TCE scholars maintain that both behavioural assumptions are needed to explain governance choice.We help to resolve part of the debate by developing an extension ofTCE to encompass certain knowledge-based attributes of transactions.We argue that high-levels of two knowledge transfer attributes - knowledge tacitness or problem solving complexity - lead to the adoption of the knowledge management practices - high-bandwidth channels or idiosyncratic communication codes - to economize on the cognitive limitations of man. It is these knowledge management practices that generate contracting hazards for whichTCE, and its attendant concern about opportunism, predicts equity-based collaborations are superior to non-equity-based collaborations.The linkages between knowledge transfer attributes, knowledge management practices, and governance choice add value via implications for managers which are not readily apparent from either theory alone.