Telecommunications/ transportation substitution and energy conservation: Part 1

The substitution of telecommunications for transportation is held to have major potential for increasing energy conservation within the USA, other developed nations, and even developing nations. This article is the first of a two-part re-examination of the substitution hypothesis based on research and experience of the past decade. This part examines the theoretical potential of telecommunications-transportation substitution for energy conservation, and reviews recent research both on public attitudes towards substitution of telecommunications for travel and on the operational experience with substitution experiments in organizations. Part 2, which appears in the June 1982 issue of Telecommunications Policy, examines the major factors which influence whether individuals and institutions will in fact choose telecommunications over travel, and then discusses government policy which could facilitate telecommunications substitution for travel.     

铁路短期变动成本的特征及计算方法探讨

根据铁路短期变动成本的变化频繁性、非连续性、与运量关系复杂性和不可归依性4个特征,提出铁路短期变动成本的计算方法和步骤。首先将企业总成本划分为固定成本和变动成本,然后分别计算直接变动成本的支出率、间接变动成本的附加率、联合产品的总变动成本和个别产品的变动成本等。     

从"畅通工程"看我国城市建设和交通管理等部门的合作协调机制

近10年来,以北京、上海、广州等为典型代表的中国城市所出现的交通问题是空前严重的.所以, 国家在2000年提出了"畅通工程"作为一个重要对策.目前,"畅通工程"已实施1年多,它给人们以什么启示?在此基础上,今后我国城市建设和交通管理等部门的合作协调又该如何进行?对此,作者进行了探讨.     

粤港澳大湾区城际铁路公交化运营模式探讨

随着产业、就业、经济、资源的深度融合,粤港澳大湾区各城市呈现出“一座城”的发展态势,区域内城际铁路快速发展。通过对粤港澳大湾区城际铁路客流特征进行分析,梳理目前大湾区城际铁路运营模式,进一步设计大湾区城际铁路公交化运营模式,并挖掘传统铁路运营模式中阻碍城际旅客便捷化出行的关键环节,提出大湾区城际铁路公交化运营发展对策,为粤港澳大湾区城际铁路公交化运营组织提供设计参考,以更好地促进区域交通一体化,服务于城际间区域联动发展。     

自贸港背景下海南与南太平洋岛国外贸发展思考

2018年4月13日,在海南省经济特区创办30周年大会的讲话上,以习近平同志为核心的党中央决定在海南设立自由贸易区,建设首个"中国特色自由贸易港"。党中央赋予海南的重大使命和历史责任,将为海南省的发展带来重大的契机。本文以海南自由贸易区(港)的政策条件为大背景,分析海南农业发展具有的优势,并以南太平洋岛国作为研究对象,深入分析海南省和南太平洋岛之间的区位优势,将两个地方的优势进行互补,从而促进双方经济的飞跃发展,实现双赢。     

The sky is the limit: Assessing aircraft market diffusion with agent-based modeling

This paper presents an agent-based model for the diffusion of new aircraft models. Expanding on the classical economic decision framework, where investment decision-making is entirely based on profitability, our more holistic modeling approach takes into account profitability, flexibility, as well as the environmental impact of new aircraft models in the adoption decision process. Technical parameters, such as the range and passenger number per aircraft model considered, various types of pollutant emissions of the aircraft engine, as well as daily operational data, are used as covariates in the model. In validation for the most common mid-range passenger aircraft models of Airbus and Boeing, our agent-based model produces results that are comparable to observed real-world data on the market diffusion of existing mainstream aircraft models. This result shows the applicability and usefulness of our model, which can subsequently also be applied for studying the diffusion of aircraft models embodying new generations of components. Our simulation shows that a price reduction or a decrease in pollutant emissions of new aircraft models can be expected to lead to more adoption and faster diffusion. Furthermore, our modeling approach demonstrates that a holistic and systematic framework that includes not only profitability (in terms of payback time) but also flexibility (in terms of optimal range and amount of passengers) and environmental impact (in terms of deviation from regulatory standards) can be helpful for modeling the investment decision-making process of airlines.     

Risk management of logistics systems

Nowadays, with the globalization of business operations, logistics systems are threatened by all kinds of uncertainties and disruptions. Almost every month, serious accidents in transportation and natural disasters all around the world are reported in the media. As a result, an effective and efficient risk management scheme is of a top most priority in the mind of all professionals in logistics management. This paper concisely explores risk management of logistics systems in several critical areas, namely disruption risk management, operational risk control, disaster and emergency management, and logistics service risk analysis. The papers featured in the special issue are also introduced and examined. This paper ends with a proposal of various future research directions for advancing risk management of logistics systems.     

Calculations of the shares of financial resources paid by actual payers for transportation improvements

In this paper we identify and quantitatively describe the actual providers of financial resources, termed “actual payers”, for transportation improvements in some advanced countries, using various statistical data. The theoretical framework on which the concept of actual payers is based was presented in our earlier paper (Transport Policy, April 1998). The current study presents the results of calculations performed according to that concept. Because of the complexity and variety of the financial resources drawn on by transportation systems, the means of financial support for transportation have not been made clear when superficial classifications such as “National expenditures”, “Local expenditures”, “Owners/operators' funds” and “Debt” are used. In the present study, the financial support for transportation is calculated on the basis of what is spent by actual payers, such as users, payers of national taxes and payers of local taxes. This approach allows us to show that the shares of actual payers are quite different in each country. In addition, we indicate the characteristics of the shares of the actual payers in each country by calculating the ratio of the users' burden or the dependence of debt, etc.     

论供应链上的运输战略

Transportation is the important part of the supply chain.In order to make transportation works well in the supply chain,some strategies should he implemented to direct the operation of transportation.They are time-based strategy,security strategy,profit-driven strategy,risk-prevention strategy,IT strategy.competitive advantage strategy and customer response strategy.Each of those strategies and its purpose is explained in details.All of these strategies are working together can cannot be implemented without considering others.In one work,the successful implementation of these transport strategies can help to achieve the efficient supply chain.     

大风条件下货车篷布和绳网试验分析

在南疆线前百公里风区和兰新线百里风区,进行了3次大风条件下的货车篷布、篷布绳索和绳网试验。试验结果表明:D型篷布主要技术指标优于X型篷布;篷布的强度指标能够满足大风条件下的运输安全要求;挡风墙和防风网可以有效降低篷布绳索受到的气动力;最大平均风速达到32 m/s以上时,篷布、篷布绳索和绳网均出现损坏,影响运输安全;篷布绳网可以有效降低篷布绳索气动力;弹力绳可以有效解决货物沉降造成的篷布松懈问题。