我国运输服务贸易国际竞争力的测度与比较

本文主要运用近年来我国和世界运输服务贸易强国的各类运输服务贸易进出口数据,借助国际市场占有率（MOR）、贸易竞争力指数（TC）、显示性比较优势指数（RCA）和显示性竞争优势指数（CA）等指标,来综合测度和分析我国运输服务贸易的国际竞争力。分析结果表明,我国运输服务贸易竞争力较低,但整体上呈上升趋势,未来有待进一步提高。根据波特的“钻石模型”,来分析我国运输服务贸易竞争力不高的主要原因,提出必须在转变政府职能,推进大型企业和大型运输企业的联合,加强综合物流设施的建设,加强专业人才的教育和培养等方面采取政策措施。     

Network topology and the efficiency of equilibrium

Different kinds of networks, such as transportation, communication, computer, and supply networks, are susceptible to similar kinds of inefficiencies. These arise when congestion externalities make the cost for each user depend on the other users' choice of routes. If each user chooses the least expensive (e.g., the fastest) route from the users' common point of origin to the common destination, the result may be Pareto inefficient in that an alternative choice of routes would reduce the costs for all users. Braess's paradox represents an extreme kind of inefficiency, in which the equilibrium costs may be reduced by raising the cost curves. As this paper shows, this paradox occurs in an (undirected) two-terminal network if and only if it is not series-parallel. More generally, Pareto inefficient equilibria occur in a network if and only if one of three simple networks is embedded in it.     

加强交通企业内部会计控制的研究

内部会计控制是为了提高会计信息质量，保护资产的安全、完整，确保有关法律法规和规章制度的贯彻执行等而制定和实施的一系列控制方法、措施和程序。目前我国交通运输企业在内部会计控制方面还存在着诸如企业治理结构不健全、会计控制不合理等问题。针对这些问题，本文提出完善企业内部会计控制制度、重视内部审计的作用及健全会计电算化系统等建议。     

浅谈中小企业如何回避采购中的运输风险

在采购物流中运输是最主要的，成为除产品采购成本外成本消耗最大的物流活动。由于不同的运输方式的速度、价格和风险也各不相同，为此，对中小企业来说选择合理的运输方式以有效回避采购中的运输风险成为采购物流的控制重点。本文对采购中的可能出现的运输风险进行了分析，在此基础上介绍了中小企业有效回避采购中运输风险的措施和建议。     

建立西南石油资源国际运输通道的可行性分析——基于国家经济安全的视角

国际石油史上的第四次“危机”正在逼近，由于国内的能源价格正逐步和国际接轨，国际油价的高企。直接对中国经济安全形成巨大压力。充分利用“两个市场”、“两种资源”，打通并建立大西南石油资源国际运输通道是维护中国国家经济安全的必要举措。     

Firm size, web site content, and financial performance in the transportation industry

The transportation industry has been revolutionized by the World Wide Web with the Internet rapidly emerging as the optimal medium for the exchange of information between shippers and carriers throughout the supply chain. Despite this, many motor carrier firms may still not be placing enough emphasis on the Internet. Recent empirical research studies suggest that Internet utilization in the supply chain is significantly influenced by firm size. This study analyzes the informational and interactive content of the Top 100 U.S. motor carrier firms' web sites to examine the relationship between firm size and Internet utilization. In addition, as there is little research that assesses the payoff in terms of benefits for firms that place more emphasis on the Internet for commercial activity, secondary financial data are used to evaluate the association between Internet utilization and firm financial performance in the transportation industry.     

中国外贸运输业竞争结构浅析

根据迈克尔·波特的五种竞争力量模型,中国外贸运输业也存在着五种竞争作用力。本文对中国外贸运输业的五种竞争力量及其作用机理进行了描述和分析,展现了外贸运输企业所处的竞争环境,旨在对外贸运输企业确立竞争规则和制定潜在的可供企业选择的竞争战略时起一定的借鉴作用。     

Urban search models under high-relocation costs. Theory and application to spatial mismatch

We develop a search-matching model in which mobility costs are so high that it is too costly for workers to relocate when a change in their employment status occurs. We show that, in equilibrium, wages increase with distance to jobs and commuting costs because firms need to compensate the transportation cost difference between the employed and unemployed workers at each location in the city. We also show that the equilibrium land rent is negatively affected by the unemployment benefit because an increase in the latter induce firms to create less jobs, which, in turn, reduces the competition in the land market. We then use this model to provide a mechanism for the observed spatial mismatch between where black workers live and where jobs are. We finally show that a transportation policy consisting in subsidizing the commuting costs of black workers can increase job creation and reduce unemployment if the level of the subsidy is set at a sufficiently high level.     

基于旅客需求的高速铁路客运服务质量评价

高速铁路客运服务应以旅客需求为导向,借助客运服务质量评价体系,完善高速铁路客运服务,满足旅客多样化出行需求。以马斯洛需求理论为基础,针对高速铁路旅客需求和感知建立三级评价指标体系,并提出运用灰色关联度-模糊综合评价法对高速铁路客运服务质量进行评价。对成都东站、重庆西站,以及G2885和G2890次列车高速铁路旅客进行现场调研,基于调研数据,运用灰色关联度-模糊综合评价法评价高速铁路客运服务质量。结果表明,高速铁路列车服务质量总体高于车站服务质量;相比于高速铁路客运服务的基本需求和物质需求,提升服务等级和注重精神尊重是提升高速铁路客运服务质量的努力方向之一。     

曹妃甸港疏运体系优化对策探讨

曹妃甸港作为我国北方地区重要的能源型港口,优化曹妃甸港铁矿石疏港运输体系,提高港口大宗物资铁路运输比例,在更好地满足唐山地区钢铁企业对疏港矿石运输需求的同时,对服务国家运输结构调整和打赢蓝天保卫战具有重要意义。从市场需求情况、铁路疏港运输能力方面分析曹妃甸港疏港运输现状,针对存在的问题,结合曹妃甸港疏运体系面临的形势任务,提出提升综合运输能力、创新运营管理、提升铁路服务水平等曹妃甸港疏运体系优化对策,以打通制约环节,畅通运输堵点,提升路网资源效率。