保障国家粮食安全的对策建议

农田水利是粮食生产的命脉,是保障粮食安全不可或缺的重要前提.保障我国粮食安全,必须首先重视农田水利发展中的根本性问题,明确农田水利设施的公益性,创新农田水利公共制度安排.其次,要在引入市场化供给机制的同时,加强政府配套制度支撑,完善投入稳定增长机制,加大中央对土地出让收益的统筹力度,增加水利建设中长期贷款,并给予适当财政贴息,鼓励水利企业上市融资,建立“一事一议”激励约束机制,打破市场失灵与政府失灵双重困境.再次,要加强提高水资源利用效率的技术支撑,推广农业节水灌溉技术,提高用水效率和效益,实现水利跨越式发展.     

The effect of information on consumers' willingness to pay for natural and organic chicken

This study examined the effect of definitions for organic and natural on willingness to pay a premium for organic over natural chicken. Data were collected using surveys and experimental auctions that were conducted before and after information was presented. Before information, approximately two‐thirds of participants inaccurately equated the requirements of natural with those for organic. After information, nearly 50% increased their premium, while 30% decreased their premium. Logistic regression results showed that consumers who had overestimated the requirements for natural were most likely to have an increased premium after information, with significantly higher bids for organic. For those who decreased their premium after information, awareness of consuming genetically modified (GM) foods was a key variable. The non‐genetically modified (non‐GM) requirement of organic appears to be of low value to some consumers. Overall, consumer confusion regarding organic and natural standards may be having substantial impacts on the two markets.     

Consumer coping strategies: a study of consumers committed to eating local

This paper deals with consumer coping strategies when consumers experience difficulties in implementing an innovation. The particular setting for exploring this issue is a group of consumers in Michigan who are committed to eating local. The paper explores how these consumers cope or balance their commitment to eating local with the constraints they face on buying and preparing local food Following a literature review of coping strategy and consumer coping strategies in relation to innovations, the paper presents the results of three focus groups conducted with members of a Student Organic Farm, a food cooperative and a Slow Food Convivium. The consumers we interviewed mostly adopt problem‐centred, confrontative strategies: they change their food‐consumption habits including shopping, purchasing, cooking, storing and obviously, eating. None of these changes are easy to implement, and most require re‐allocations of time as well as trade‐offs to overcome time and cost barriers. In return, some of these consumers feel empowered. This study allows us to offer a working hypothesis that the process is dynamic: the more committed consumers are, the more they adopt problem‐centred, confrontative strategies and forget more fatalist emotion‐centred or avoidance strategies. These findings contribute to literature on consumers' coping strategies and suggest future research avenues.     

木薯变性淀粉在食品工业中的应用概述

木薯变性淀粉作为食品添加剂应用在食品工业中有其独特的优势,随着人们对木薯变性淀粉的认知,其使用范围逐步得到拓展,使用量逐渐增大。文章阐述了食品工业中常用的几种淀粉基食品添加剂及其应用发展趋势,并结合笔者多年从事变性淀粉技术研发的经验,着重介绍了几种木薯变性淀粉的性能,以及其在肉制品、面制品等行业的应用情况。     

浅论转基因食品的PCR检测技术

荧光定量PCR技术可以应用于转基因食品的检测,相比于以往的定量检测PCR,其灵敏度提高了10倍,同时可以方便、快捷的得到判定结果,提高检测的效率和速度。     

西安世园会餐饮服务设施配置方案浅析

规划餐饮服务设施点是为了在世园会期间,解决游客高峰期就餐难的问题。首先根据世园会各大景点的布局,运用线性目标函数法,对餐饮服务设施点的位置进行分析研究。然后分析了人流量的分布和游客的购买概率,对服务设施点分布位置进行优化。同时,运用绿色物流配送流程保证服务质量和效率,以满足游客的需求。最后,阐述了在达到餐饮服务要求的基础上,服务设施点进行扩大化利用。     

食品安全与质量控制技术课程的工学结合改革浅谈

本文结合该课程组教师对食品安全与质量控制技术课程的教学实践,探讨了该课程工学结合改革所涉及的教学目标、课程改革方案等内容,以便在其他相关课程教学改革中得到借鉴和应用。     

有毒有害食品事件屡次发生的原因分析

人民群众餐桌安全、生命健康安全是维护社会稳定的头等大事之一,关乎群众切身利益、群众反映强烈的有毒有害食品已引起政府和全社会的高度重视。本文针对若干有毒有害食品事件进行分析,结果表明导致这类事件屡次发生的原因主要有:①政府和相关职能部门的管理和监督缺乏力度,至今还没有建立完全可靠的食品安全控制体系。②一些商家经营的规范和诚信责任不强,一些员工职业道德缺失和食品安全知识匮乏。③消费者维护食品安全意识薄弱。只有政府相关职能部门切实实施有效管理和监督,食品企业切实履行经营规范、诚信责任和员工职业道德教育及食品安全知识的培训,所有消费者切实提高认识和识别能力来维护食品安全,只有这样才能使人们的饮食健康能够得到保障。     

FOOD INSECURITY AND INSUFFICIENCY AT LOW LEVELS OF FOOD EXPENDITURES

In this study we investigate the external validity of the food insecurity and insufficiency measures—specifically, how these measures correlate with food expenditures—using the December 2003 Food Security Supplement of the Current Population Survey. We focus on a special segment of the population—households with low incomes and low food expenditures. If reports of food problems are based on a lack of food, reports should be nearly ubiquitous at the bottom of the expenditure distribution. We find, however, that this is not the case. We define and scale food expenditures several different ways and find that the reported incidence of food insecurity never rises above one‐half anywhere along the corresponding expenditure distributions, leading to concerns about the external validity of the measure.