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It is of interest for national governments to assess strategic issues such as natural hazards and anthropogenic threats with some reference to risk, in order to support prioritisation of treatment solutions. With most threats of strategic relevance such as earthquakes, pandemics and terrorism following a distribution in size of events, representation of the risk for a threat as a single frequency–consequence pair is often inadequate as this single pair may exclude a significant portion of data and their contribution to total risk. Identifying the entire distribution of event sizes and their frequencies is better suited for understanding the relative contributions to total risk from high and low consequence events. If the distribution of event sizes does follow a law, the finite size of data-sets makes identifying the law difficult. This paper outlines the steps required to utilise empirical data to inform the risk of strategic threats and support decision-makers to prioritise treatment options according to their relative contributions to total risk. Potential pitfalls and limitations are also described. 相似文献
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会计准则的变迁是一种动态的演化博弈,强调的是一种动态的均衡。会计准则的制定过程实际就是利益各方实现动态均衡的过程。本文探究了我国会计准则变迁过程中游说力度缺乏的内在因素。提出应加大与游说相关的直接利益,从而强化利益相关者对准则制定的游说力度,才能制定出高质量的适合我国国情的会计准则。 相似文献
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以我国员工持股计划重启为背景,以2011—2019 年A 股上市公司为样本,验证员工持股计划对公司违规的影响。结果显示,员工持股计划降低了公司违规概率与频率。机制检验发现,员工持股计划一方面通过促进中小股东投票与委派董事涉入公司内部治理,另一方面通过信息传递提升独立董事履职效率并增加分析师跟踪。进一步地,区分违规类型后发现,员工持股计划的抑制作用主要存在于信息披露违规与一般违规;区分员工持股计划方案后发现,员工持股规模高、锁定期长、高购买折价、无杠杆、无控股股东担保或兜底、无业绩条件的员工持股计划对公司违规的抑制更显著。经济后果分析发现,员工持股计划对公司违规的监督能够抑制股价崩盘风险。研究结论从公司违规角度验证了员工持股计划的监督者角色,为我国员工持股计划实施效果提供了新的经验证据。 相似文献
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基于国内外研究,系统探讨了群体离职的内涵、动因、形成过程以及后果,特别指出了以往被忽略的人际因素在群体离职中的作用,并在此基础上建构了群体离职新的整合模型,并提出未来研究方向。 相似文献