Introduction. The Internationalisation of the Innovation Process

The international economics of business and management has focused - both in the academic literature and in corporate and public policy discussions - increasingly on issues of globalisation, innovation and 'competitiveness'. These issues, and in particular their interrelation, are analysed in detail in this Special Issue of the International Journal of the Economics of Business. This opening article aims to set the scene by considering how the rather distinct literatures around the above three topics can best be drawn upon in order to focus on what implications the new global economic environment has for the economics of business and public policy.     

中日韩技术密集产品制造业竞争力比较——基于RCA计量下品目群分类的新视角

本文在界定技术密集产品制造业基础上,提出中日韩技术密集产品制造业竞争力比较分析的RCA计量与品目群分类法,选取1996-2006年期间数据为样板,进行中日韩三国技术密集产品制造业竞争力分析,最后得出相应的结论。     

Local authority and academic attitudes to urban road pricing: a UK perspective

Urban road pricing as an instrument of traffic management has generated a great deal of interest in the UK in recent years. Whilst this is the case there is still no urban road pricing scheme in operation in the UK. The reason for this is primarily one of ‘acceptability.’ This paper, through the use of a national survey, examines the attitudes of key stakeholder groups with respect to urban road pricing. How serious is traffic congestion and traffic related pollution perceived to be by Local Authority Councillors, Officials and the Academic community in the UK? How is urban road pricing viewed by this sub-group of the population in terms of its effectiveness and public acceptance when compared to other policy options? and how could the saleability of urban road pricing be improved? This raises issues in terms of how the revenue raised from urban road pricing should be utilised, the use of urban road pricing as part of a package of measures, the concerns expressed by the stakeholders with respect to urban road pricing, such as the invasion of road users’ privacy, and the type of technology which should be considered. Overall, the paper aims to further the debate among policy makers.     

我国中小企业核心竞争力的影响因素分析

核心竞争力是企业独有的、支撑企业可持续性竞争优势的核心能力。一个企业能否在竞争中获胜，主要取决于企业的核心竞争力。企业核心竞争力具有价值性、独特性、延展性、动态性等特点，影响中小企业核心竞争力的因素也是多方面的。本文时制约提升我国中小企业核心竞争力的影响因素进行全面的分析，目的在于通过分析解决我国中小企业发展中存在的问题。     

大国国内贸易提升产品国际竞争力的内在机理

关于产品国际竞争力相关理论的研究受到了众多学者的关注,但却鲜有学者从国内贸易的角度对其进行系统分析,导致人们在某种程度上忽视了通过拓展国内贸易来提升产品国际竞争力的做法。探讨国内贸易提升产品国际竞争力的内在机理,可为拓展中国国内贸易,利用国内市场提升产品国际竞争力寻求理论支持。     

Stature growth in industrializing Argentina: The Buenos Aires industrial belt 1916-1950

A sustained long-term increase in average stature accompanied the process of import-substituting industrialization in the main suburban area of Argentina, the Buenos Aires Conurbano. This gain in net nutrition was attained before the rise to power of a re-distributionist political party: the Peronists. The article also provides evidence of a decline in average heights during the period 1939-1945, which challenges us to revise the traditional wisdom about the impact of World War II and Peronist social policies and its implications for the nutrition and health of children. The new evidence on heights shows also persistent social and regional differences over time that had not been documented before.     

城市职能的概念性分析框架——以长三角为例

在已有研究的基础上,本文构建了一个分析和探讨城市职能问题的概念框架。利用这个概念框架,本文对长江三角洲城市工业职能分工体系进行了较为系统的实证研究,发现,1990年代中后期以来,长三角城市工业职能分工体系有了一定程度的优化。本文还发现,对于每一年份,长三角不同城市(行业)的工业职能分工系数具有显著的差异,且不同城市(行业)的工业职能分工系数在1998—2006年期间的变化差异明显。     

资源型城市的转型之路——创新型城市建设

资源型城市转型是我国老工业基地改造的重要内容。文章提出了建设创新型城市是资源型城市转型必然选择的观点;论证了资源型城市建设创新型城市的重要性;提出了建设创新型城市的创新体系,并构建了评价指标体系。     

中国与印度服务业比较:竞争力及其影响因素

近年来,中国和印度成为亚洲经济发展备受瞩目的国家,两国在服务业领域的竞争成为关注的焦点。本文从产业结构、服务贸易总量与结构、服务贸易竞争力指数三方面考察了中印两国服务业竞争力的现状,并借助波特的"钻石体系"理论,对中印两国的要素条件、需求条件、相关支持产业及对外开放等因素进行了分析,得出虽然印度在目前取得了服务业的竞争优势,但是中国在今后的发展中更具潜力的结论和启示。     

Addressing leakage in the EU ETS: Border adjustment or output-based allocation?

The EU ETS has been criticised for threatening the competitiveness of European industry and generating carbon leakage, i.e. increasing foreign greenhouse gas emissions. Two main options have been put forward to tackle these concerns: border adjustments and output-based allocation, i.e. allocation of free allowances in proportion to current production. We compare various configurations of these two options, as well as a scenario with full auctioning and no border adjustment. Against this background, we develop a model of the main sectors covered by the EU ETS: electricity, steel, cement and aluminium. We conclude that the most efficient way to tackle leakage is auctioning with border adjustment, which generally induces a negative leakage (a spillover). This holds even if the border adjustment does not include indirect emissions, if it is based on EU (rather than foreign) specific emissions, or (for some values of the parameters) if it covers only imports. Another relatively efficient policy is to combine auctioning in the electricity sector and output-based allocation in exposed industries, especially if free allowances are given both for direct and indirect emissions, i.e. those generated by the generation of the electricity consumed. Although output-based allocation is generally less effective than border adjustment to tackle leakage, it is more effective to mitigate production losses in the sectors affected by the ETS, which may ease climate policy adoption.