用科学发展观指导城市土地整理

用科学发展观指导城市土地整理工作,处理好城市发展与城市用地总量与结构平衡、生态环境保护的关系,统筹人与自然的和谐发展。为此,要建立健全城市土地整理市场准入机制,完善城市土地整理市场规则,实行政企分开、政事分开,体现市场经济公开、公平、有序、竞争原则,以实现城市土地整理区的社会经济协调发展。     

城市流通系统:研究现状与一个综合性框架

现代流通产业的发展演变过程是伴随着现代城市的产生与发展过程进行的,现代城市是现代流通产业的载体,而城市则因为流通产业的发展而发展、壮大.因而,流通问题与城市问题是密不可分的.目前城市流通问题的研究集中在商业地理学领域,而传统流通理论则游离于该领域之外,这种游离造成了该领域研究的一些问题.本文在比较全面地回顾和评述了国内外学者对城市流通问题研究现状的基础上提出了一个综合性的研究框架,以期为城市流通问题的研究提供新的视角.     

新疆城市居民收入不平等现状分析

本文采用基尼系数及其分解公式对新疆2003年城市居民收入调查的2828个样本数据进行分析，根据新疆的地理特征将基尼系数按南疆与北疆进行分解计算，并按收入来源对基尼系数进行集中度分解分析，结果表明新疆的收入不平等状况并不严重，南疆的收入差距大于北疆，工资收入和转移收入是收入差距增大的主要原因。     

A systematic review of a digital twin city: A new pattern of urban governance toward smart cities

Many countries and governments consider smart cities a solution to global warming, population growth, and resource depletion. Numerous challenges arise while creating a smart city. Digital twins, along with the Internet of Things, fifth-generation wireless systems, blockchain, collaborative computing, simulation, and artificial intelligence technologies, offer great potential in the transformation of the current urban governance paradigm toward smart cities. In this paper, the concept of a digital twin city (DTC) is proposed. The characteristics, key technologies, and application scenarios of a DTC are elaborated upon. Further, we discuss the theories, research directions, and framework regarding DTCs.     

An evolutionary complex systems perspective on urban health

Deliberations about how to govern complex problems of urban health and wellbeing sustainably have often been implicitly biased by ideas such as being ‘human-scale’ or ‘people-centered.’ With increasing urban populations and increasing urban system interconnectivity, many cities have transformed into city regions or clusters, and the external effects of urban growth are carried mainly by the marginalized and the environment putting urban health increasingly at risk. Here we address the question of why human societies have not been better at collectively adapting to the challenges of urbanization and global environmental change? We build a theoretical framework of multi-level selection, complex systems evolution, and governance, following which we then present ‘human-scale’ and ‘people-centered’ ideas of urban development as expressions of two types of socio-political organization with different degrees of self-organization. We found several reasons for which the maladies of current urban development emerged and the seeming inability to resolve them. First, urban systems became increasingly interconnected and evolved into ultrasocial superorganisms, displaying preference to sustain themselves as a whole rather than their subordinates. Second, the difference in scaling effects between the biological and the social network contributed to the mismatch between rapid urban growth and slow adaptation. Furthermore, institutions of decreased variety reinforce themselves and become dominant, creating a positive feedback mechanism and promoting invasive and exploitative exponential growth, but they also reduce the creativity and resilience of urban systems. We also found that both the “human-scale” and the “people-centered” approaches acknowledge the exponential growth and decreasing variety in urban systems, and advocate for correcting the mismatches. To incorporate people's needs and values for long-term, truly sustainable urban health governance, we recommend combining the self-organizing, evolutionary feature of “human-scale” and the coordinative, political feature of “people-centeredness.”     

区域科技资源协同度发展趋势及生态化治理机制研究

科技资源是重要的战略性资源,区域科技资源匮乏与协同度较低严重制约区域科技和经济快速发展。因此,促进区域科技资源协同与共享,如何推动各创新主体共同治理、共同发展是政府与学界共同关注的重要问题。运用2008—2017年黑龙江省与吉林省科技统计数据及复合系统协同度模型,对哈长城市群科技资源协同现状与未来协同趋势进行测算,结合生态学理论与生态化治理方式,设计区域科技资源生态化治理机制。结果发现：2009—2017年科技资源复合系统协同度整体呈现上升趋势,但增长态势平缓,其中2009-2011年和2013年复合系统协同度处于低水平协调状态,其它均处于一般协调状态。通过预测发现,2008—2022年科技资源复合系统协同度整体呈现上升趋势,但仍处于一般协同状态。基于此,围绕科技发展生态环境、区域空间协同、科技资源共享服务平台,以及产学研合作等方面设计治理机制,促进区域科技快速发展。     

区域一体化与城市创新：基于长三角扩容的准自然实验

随着我国城市进入都市圈发展的新时代,区域一体化对城市创新产生了广泛而深刻的影响。从创新资源流动整合、知识技术溢出和市场规模扩大等维度深入分析区域一体化对城市创新的潜在作用机制,将长三角扩容作为一项准自然实验,以2003-2018年中国内地283个地级市为样本数据,综合利用合成控制法和PSM-DID模型对两者关系进行实证检验。结果发现：①整体而言,长三角扩容能够显著促进城市创新水平提升。从不同区域看,长三角扩容对原位和新进城市创新水平均有显著促进作用,且对新进城市的影响大于原位城市;②异质性分析结果表明,扩容政策对科创走廊城市创新水平的提升作用强于非科创走廊城市,同时区域通达性改善也能够明显强化扩容对城市创新的政策效应;③扩容政策对城市创新的作用呈现出边际效应递减趋势。研究结论对推进长三角一体化发展、深化区域创新合作、建设长三角创新驱动示范带具有重要指导意义。     

A Limitless Urban Theory? A Response to Scott and Storper's ‘The Nature of Cities: The Scope and Limits of Urban Theory'

The recent article in this journal by Scott and Storper (2015) suggested that the field of urban studies currently contains a multitude of varied theoretical viewpoints and argued for a unified general urban theory encompassing all urban scholarly work. Their proposal is that such a theory is based upon a foundational understanding of agglomeration and clustering. This response counter‐argues this, suggesting that such a proposal leaves urban theory too instrumental, deterministic and economistic. Moreover, Scott and Storper argue that there is a need to isolate the urbanization process from a wider suite of social, cultural and economic processes in which the urban is said to be ‘embedded'. If we are to embrace a unified urban theory, however, it should be one which views cities as differing intensities of an urbanization process, and does not try to draw arbitrary boundaries about what is and what is not a city. If we are to strive for a general urban theory, then it would be far more beneficial to champion an ontology of an urbanization process with varying degrees of (de)intensification.     

Recentralization as an Alternative to Urban Dispersion: Transformative Planning in a Neoliberal Societal Context

Growing dissatisfaction with the prevailing dispersed urban form and its generalized reliance on the automobile has resulted in the formulation of planning models seeking to substitute dispersed development with recentralization. A survey of 301 planning documents with a metropolitan focus, originating from the 58 US and Canadian urban regions with a population exceeding one million, reveals widespread support for urban recentralization. But interviews with 55 planners, involved in the preparation of these plans and/or the implementation of their proposals, highlight actual and foreseen barriers to the implementation of recentralization strategies. The article interprets the popularity of recentralization in planning documents as the outcome of planners' attempts to reconcile their commitment to sustainable development with societal factors affecting planning possibilities. Still, we anticipate serious problems in achieving large‐scale recentralization due to urban development path dependencies emanating from the prevailing urban form and dynamics, institutional structures, and from the limited urban transformative potential afforded by neoliberalism.     

Urban Sensing by Crowdsourcing: Analysing Urban Trip behaviour in Zurich

The research on which this essay is based sought to provide a deeper understanding of live urban activities. The main idea was to obtain in‐depth trip information by integrating sensing technology with crowdsourcing‐based methods. Location and acceleration sensors embedded in smartphones can deliver useful trip information. Research had previously been conducted to find an accurate data analysis algorithm for high‐level data mining, an efficient sensing method for power saving. As a proof of concept, this essay presents a case study of Zurich that successfully implemented previous research achievements in the real environment. It established that urban travel behaviour can, in fact, be collected by sensors embedded in mobile devices, and that the data thus obtained can be used to measure the characteristics of trip behaviour in cities by means of an advanced classifying algorithm and analysis. The strength of this research is its pioneering role in clearing the ground for future urban data collection methods and planning strategies. Specifically, this study could provide answers to the following key questions: How can crowdsourcing be applied to the collection of urban transportation data? What kinds of information can be extracted from the crowdsourced mobile sensing platform? What kinds of knowledge, within the transportation domain, can be derived from the above?