中国税制的国际竞争力研究

国际税收竞争是经济全球化发展的产物,是各国以税收为载体、以促进本国经济增长为目的的竞争,其实质是经济竞争。在此,基于国际税收竞争视角,重点对中国税制的国际竞争力进行评析,分析表明中国税制具有一定的国际竞争力,但诸多方面仍有待完善。在此基础上,借鉴国际经验建立具有竞争性的中国税制,确定合理的宏观税负水平,同时还需加强"税收文化"的建设,建立国际税收协调机制,以应对日益激烈的国际税收竞争。     

A real-world analysis of healthcare costs and relative risk of hyperprolactinemia associated with antipsychotic treatments in the United States

Abstract

Aims: Antipsychotic medications are associated with an increased risk of hyperprolactinemia, but differ in their propensity to cause this complication. This study aimed to assess the economic burden of hyperprolactinemia, and to compare its risk among adult patients using atypical antipsychotics (AAs) with a mechanism of action associated with no/low vs high/moderate prolactin elevation.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study was based on US Commercial and Medicaid claims databases. Healthcare costs were compared between matched hyperprolactinemia and hyperprolactinemia-free cohorts using a two-part model. Risk of hyperprolactinemia was compared between patients receiving AAs with a mechanism of action associated with no/low (no/low prolactin elevation cohort) vs high/moderate prolactin elevation (high/moderate prolactin cohort) using logistic regression.

Results: In the commercially insured sample, compared to the hyperprolactinemia-free cohort (n?=?499), the hyperprolactinemia cohort (n?=?499) was associated with incremental total healthcare costs of $5,732 ($20,081 vs $14,349; p?=?.004), and incremental medical costs of $3,861 ($13,218 vs $9,357; p?=?.040), mainly driven by hyperprolactinemia-related costs. In the Medicaid-insured sample, compared to the hyperprolactinemia-free cohort, the hyperprolactinemia cohort was associated with incremental total healthcare costs of $10,773 ($30,763 vs $19,990; p?=?.004), and incremental medical costs of $9,246 ($20,859 vs $11,613; p?=?.004), mainly driven by hyperprolactinemia-related and mental health-related costs. The odds of hyperprolactinemia in the no/low prolactin elevation cohort were 4–5-times lower than that in the high/moderate prolactin elevation cohort (odds ratio =0.21; p?<?.001).

Limitations: Hyperprolactinemia may be under-reported in claims data.

Conclusions: Hyperprolactinemia is associated with substantial healthcare costs. AAs associated with no/low prolactin elevation reduce the risk of hyperprolactinemia by 4–5-times compared to AAs associated with moderate/high prolactin elevation. Treatment options with minimal impact on prolactin levels may contribute to reducing hyperprolactinemia burden in AA-treated patients.     

增值税转型对消费型增值税全面改革的启示

消费型增值税改革不是增值税改革的终结。通过2004-2008年间的数据分析,论证了增值税转型对国家经济增长的巨大价值,并思考消费型增值税改革的可能性问题,从而提出相应对策和建议。     

湖南省财政收入与区域经济增长的实证研究

财政收入与区域经济增长之间存在着相互促进、相互制约的关系.近年来湖南省经济增长与财政收人出现迅速增长的势头,但在全国而言优势并不明显.文章用计量模型分析了湖南财政收入与区域经济增长之间的关系,并提出若干优化财政收入的政策建议.     

浅议纳税筹划在煤炭企业中的应用

文章从纳税筹划的原则、功能、方式及方法入手,引用实际案例,给出几种纳税筹划的具体做法。论证了煤炭企业应该根据自身的特点,重点进行增值税和企业所得税筹划,以达到降低纳税风险、减少纳税支出的目的。     

养老保险全国统筹、渐进式延迟退休与基金可持续

基于精算模型分析养老金全国统筹与渐进式延迟退休年龄政策对养老保险基金可持续性的影响,结果显示：全国统筹政策在短期使财政负担下降100%,长期内不能有效降低财政负担。在此基础上实施“女先男后”和“男女同步”渐进式延迟退休年龄政策能分别使养老保险累计财政负担降低6.68%和34.36%。为有效减轻养老保险基金支付压力和财政负担,应完善全国统筹政策,并尽快出台渐进式延迟退休年龄方案。     

企业税负与会计信息质量关系研究

以2015—2021年沪深A股上市公司为样本,探讨企业税负对会计信息质量的作用方向、作用机制与差异化作用效果。研究发现：降低企业税负可以显著提高会计信息质量,这一结论经一系列稳健性检验后仍成立。机制分析结果表明,降低企业税负能够通过减少融资约束和代理成本两条中介路径来提高会计信息质量。异质性分析结果表明,在纳税贡献高、审计任期短以及分析师关注度高的公司中,降低企业税负对会计信息质量的提高作用更加明显。     

我国房地产税税率设计及税负测算分析

要保持税制改革前后总的税负水平基本维持不变,可以将新的房地产税的税率设定为0.6%.运用动态的方法测算房地产税的税率和模拟开征法进行新的房地产税负及效果分析,结论是将新的房地产税税率定为0.6%是合理的.