收入分配:理论探析与现实思考

收入分配问题一直是西方经济理论中的一个重要问题,无论从理论自身的发展演变来看,还是从其对社会实践的影响来看,收入分配问题的研究都愈来愈受到广泛的关注。本文力图厘清收入分配理论的各种观点,考察其发展演变的规律,在此基础上对完善我国的收入分配制度提出建议。     

博弈论应用于我国旅游研究的探讨

本文通过网络数据库文献系统检索和分析,探讨20世纪90年代以来博弈论在我国旅游研究上的应用,总结了旅游博弈研究在范围扩展和方法更新上取得的成绩,同时对研究存在的不足及未来研究的发展提出建议.认为应加强旅游博弈研究对现实的指导意义,深化博弈论内容在旅游研究中的运用,通过构建更具解释力的旅游博弈方法论完善旅游经济学理论体系.     

Brand equity: extending brand awareness and liking with Signal Detection Theory

Brand equity, which is a central topic in modern marketing, may be assessed from three perspectives: customer mind set, product market outcomes and financial market outcomes. Brand awareness (memory) and brand liking are elements of customer mind set brand equity. The factors determining brand awareness and likeability are also determinants of the change in financial brand equity. In order to understand these factors, Signal Detection Theory is employed for finding the components of brand awareness and likeability. Signal Detection Theory has a strong tradition in psychology, but is under‐represented in marketing and consumer behaviour. This study extended the concept of brand awareness to ‘awareness sensitivity and bias’ and the concept of ‘brand likeability’ to ‘liking sensitivity and bias’ using Signal Detection Theory. The effect of divided attention on the extended components was investigated in three laboratory experiments. It was found that, in the attended mode compared with the unattended mode, consumers perform better in preserving a favourable brand awareness and have a conservative reaction tendency. This effect of attention occurs in building brand awareness for short presentations, but not for long presentations. These findings may serve as guidelines for a strategy formulation for enhancing customer mind set brand equity.     

Evolution of group performance over time: A repeated measures study of GDSS effects

Many studies in the group decision support system (GDSS) literature have reported on the behavior and performance of ad hoc groups meeting for the first, and, in fact, the only time. Such one‐time studies of groups may not represent their longer term behavior and performance accurately. Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) conceives of technology use as a social practice that emerges over time. AST suggests that meeting outcomes reflect the extent to which structures offered by the technology (such as GDSS tool sequences, meeting agenda, etc.) are faithfully appropriated by the group. Such faithful appropriation, however, takes time. This article explicitly recognizes the relevance of this appropriation process and reports on a lab study that examined the impact of computer support on group performance over time. In general, results showed that the performance of computer‐supported groups improved over time, whereas the performance of non‐computer‐supported groups stayed the same or declined. The number of alternatives generated by computer‐supported groups increased considerably as they became more proficient in incorporating the technology into group processes. However, the quality of decisions made by computer‐supported groups began to increase slightly, only during the last session. Both these findings suggest that AST is, in fact, a viable theory for studying group behavior and performance over time. Results from this study also point out the need for conducting more longitudinal studies of group processes in the future.     

Protection or expropriation: Politically connected independent directors in China

This paper empirically investigates politically connected independent directors among Chinese listed firms using 7487 firm-year observations from the Shanghai stock exchange during the period of 2003–2012. We distinguish between privately controlled firms and state-controlled firms. We find that the value effect and incentives of appointing independent directors with political ties are shaped by a firm’s ownership structure. More exactly, Chinese listed privately controlled firms with a large fraction of politically connected independent directors tend to outperform their non-connected counterparts, due to the ease of access to external debt financing and more subsidies from the government. However, the appointment of politically connected independent directors also enlarges the magnitude of related-party transactions with the controlling party in listed privately controlled firms. In contrast, having politicians as independent directors does not help to add value to listed state-controlled firms, especially firms controlled by the local government, due to the expropriation of minority investors via more related-party transactions and more severe over-investment problems.     

To buy or not to buy: Impact of labeling on purchasing intentions of genetically modified foods

This study conducted a partial test of the Theory of Planned Behavior [Ajzen , I., 1985. From intentions to action: a theory of planned behavior. In: Kuhl, J., Beckmenn, J. (Eds.), Action Control: From Cognition to Behavior. Springer, New York, pp. 11–39; Ajzen, I., 1989. Attitude structure and behavior. In: Breckler, S.J., Greenwald, A.G. (Eds.), Attitude Structure and Function. Lawrence Erlbaum, Springer, Hillsdale, NJ, New York, pp. 241–274; Ajzen, I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, 179–211] by assessing an individual's attitude toward labeling of genetically modified (GM) foods on the individual's purchasing intentions. Data collected from 16,078 participants across 15 European Union member countries from the EUROBAROMETER 53 were examined. Using Univariate ANOVA, the results indicate that: (1) many (roughly 73% of the sample) of the individuals residing in the 15 European countries are less likely to purchase a food product with a label indicating the existence of a GM ingredient; (2) women were less likely to purchase the GM product than men; and (3) those individuals who are more likely to purchase a GM food believed it is unnecessary to include complete information pertaining to the use of GM organisms in the production of food products. Specifically, individuals were significantly more likely to purchase the product if they stated that (a) it is unnecessary to show information on a label pertaining to the use of GM organisms in the production of the food product, even if those GM organisms are present in some of the ingredients; (b) it is unnecessary to include information regarding the use of GM organisms in the product on a label if the GM organisms are present in the end product; and (c) the information regarding the use of a GM organism does not have to be clear. Future directions regarding research on GM foods are presented.     

Constructing useful theory: The case of Six Sigma

Organizational practices related to Six Sigma are believed to have resulted in improved organizational outcomes. The academic community, however, continues to lack understanding of the constructs and causal relationships underlying Six Sigma. Hence, discussion of Six Sigma is buffeted by anecdotal experience reported from practice. We evaluate Six Sigma through the lens of literature on theory development to explain why the Six Sigma constructs, assumptions, and causal relationships are inconsistent with theory development principles. Dr. Anilkumar N. Kharkar has retired from Corning Incorporated.     

消费者金融中个人信用信息的经济价值

在消费者金融发达的国家,伴随日趋完备的个人信用信息在消费者贷款授信领域的广泛应用,对于个人信用信息的“经济价值”的研究也在推进。在对美国关于个人信用信息经济价值的先行研究成果进行简单梳理的基础上,分析了消费者金融市场的效率与信用信息共有的基础设施的关联性,进而对构建中国个人征信体系中应关注的几个问题进行了探讨。     

取得时效制度存废论——兼评取得时效制度在我国物权法中的缺失与构建

大陆法系诸国普遍承认的取得时效制度除了在《中华人民共和国民法（草案）》中昙花一现外，只有在学说著作和学者建议稿中方可觅其踪影；刚生效的《中华人民共和国物权法》对取得时效制度亦没有作出规定。取得时效制度在我国本土化的艰难过程，表明了立法者对其价值功能和立法技术的存疑和困惑。从整体上看，规定取得时效制度利大于弊，应在物权立法中有所体现。     

和谐社会财政政策研究

本文认为把财政政策作为纯粹经济政策的主流观点是有问题的:一是把价值准则和道德准则相割裂;二是把公共(社会)虚化。以这样的理论为基础是不可能建设和谐社会的。本文旨在论证价值、道德、公正正义和法律之间的相互关系,阐明公共政策的准则。