Regional consumption dynamics and risk sharing in Italy

In this paper, we propose a new method for investigating consumption insurance. Differently from the existing literature, we use error correcting VAR models in order to capture simultaneously the occurrence of risk sharing against permanent and transitory shocks. The proposed method is applied to the case of Italian regions. Empirical results obtained over the 1960–2001 period reveal that contrary to previous findings, Italian regions seem to shield against permanent shocks other than transitory ones. Although some biases are detected in the allocation process of resources, deviations from full consumption insurance are not as relevant as claimed in the previous literature on the Italian regions.     

金融危机前后全球主要股指间的影响机制比较

选取2005年～2010年间12个国家或地区股票指数为样本,在实证研究的基础上对金融危机前后股指间的关联特征进行对比讨论。研究结果表明：金融危机后,美国的股票市场在很大程度上受到其他国家的影响,欧洲国家股票市场与其它国家的联系变得紧密;一些新兴的经济体对世界股市的影响逐渐增强;中国一直处于被影响的边缘。     

人民币升值能否改变贸易顺差与外汇储备增长的趋势

本文综合运用ADF检验、Granger因果检验、Johansen检验、VEC模型、脉冲响应及方差分解等方法,分别截取1982-2007年间中国贸易顺差与外汇储备增额年度流量指标和2005年7月-2008年9月间人民币对美元汇率与中国贸易顺差月度流量指标进行实证研究,结果发现:(1)中国贸易顺差与外汇储备增额互为因果;(2)中国贸易顺差与外汇储备增额之间存在协整关系;(3)中国贸易顺差与外汇储备增额之间的相关系数为正,且相关系数变化图大致呈‘U’字形;(4)USD/RMB与中国贸易顺差之间存在协整关系;(5)USD/RMB与中国贸易顺差无因果关系;(6)USD/RMB与中国贸易顺差之间的相关系数较小。本文结论如下:(1)贸易顺差是中国外汇储备增长的主要来源,且近年来贸易顺差对中国外汇储备的贡献越来越大;(2)中国外贸依存度过高;(3)USD/RMB对中国贸易顺差影响较小,故人民币升值不能改变中国贸易顺差和外汇储备快速增长的趋势。弹性理论分析表明中国贸易顺差增大的原因是:(1)中国出口商品弹性小;(2)中国内需不足。故此提出以下建议:(1)加速启动内需,特别是农民消费;(2)调整对外贸易产业结构;(3)促使人民币真正‘弹’起来。     

商业银行房地产贷款信用风险定量压力测试方法研究

本文针对银行业房地产贷款压力测试难以有效开展的实务性问题,提出并详细说明了采用期权理论来计量在不同假设情境下的违约概率变化量,以实现房地产贷款信用风险压力测试的方法,以及利用该方法实现自下而上地对房地产贷款信用风险进行定量压力测试的方案。最后,本文以一个案例来辅助说明上述方法的具体应用,以及对该方法的评价。     

MODEL UNCERTAINTY AND SCENARIO AGGREGATION

This paper provides a coherent method for scenario aggregation addressing model uncertainty. It is based on divergence minimization from a reference probability measure subject to scenario constraints. An example from regulatory practice motivates the definition of five fundamental criteria that serve as a basis for our method. Standard risk measures, such as value‐at‐risk and expected shortfall, are shown to be robust with respect to minimum divergence scenario aggregation. Various examples illustrate the tractability of our method.     

A bootstrap-corrected causality test: another look at the money–income relationship

Previous studies of the causal relationship between money supply and real output are based on asymptotic distributions. If the assumption of normality is not fulfilled and if ARCH effects are present, asymptotic distributions perform inaccurately. In this paper, we reinvestigate the potential causal relationship between money and output by applying an alternative methodology based on the leveraged bootstrapped simulation techniques using data from Denmark, Japan, Sweden, and the US. We find unidirectional causality from money to output for the sample countries except for Sweden for which causality is bi-directional. This finding of unidirectional causality between money and output supports monetary business-cycle models and reveals one important policy implication—that is, in looking for the sources of output fluctuations, money might be a major factor.

住房价格上涨的金融支持及检验——基于VEC模型的实证分析

金融对房地产的支持是否过度是判断当前房价波动的金融风险可能性及其程度的重要依据。通过建立向量误差修正模型并借助脉冲响应分析和方差分解,重点对中国近年来住房价格上涨中的金融因素进行分析。结果表明:金融对房地产业低利率成本的信贷支持、土地价格上涨以及投机因素是推动房价上涨的主要因素。在当前房地产市场低迷的情况下,房价波动的加剧可能给金融及经济稳定带来冲击。     

美他多辛片的稳定性研究

目的研究美他多辛片的稳定性,为药品储存、有效期的确定提供实验依据。方法采用HPLC法测定美他多辛片中关他多辛的含量。通过光照试验、加速试验和长期试验,应用动力学公式Arrhenjus方程及统计学原理计算出K25℃和预测药品有效期。结果美他多辛片对光不稳定。预测有效期与长期试验结果相吻合。结论美他多辛片在避光、室温条件下储存的有效期为24个月。     

国内外石油价格波动性溢出效应研究

本文分析了国内外石油价格波动传导机制与国内外石油价格波动的典型化事实 ,将动态相关系数的多变量随机波动模型与固定系数的Granger波动性因果关系模型结合起来,构建了动态相关系数的带Granger因果检验的多元随机波动模型(DGC-MSV),并实证检验了美国、英国和中国的石油现货价格之间、期货价格之间以及期货价格与现货价格之间的波动溢出效应,主要得到如下结论:中国、美国、英国石油期货价格、现货价格波动性之间的相关系数都是动态变化的;中国石油现货价格受美国石油现货价格的波动溢出影响,而同时中国石油现货价格又对美国和英国的石油期货价格波动有显著溢出效应;英国和美国的石油现货价格之间、石油期货价格之间都具有双向波动溢出效应;中国石油市场的金融属性低于英国和美国石油市场。最后提出一些对策建议。     

Empirical evidence regarding electricity consumption and urban economic growth

Links between electricity consumption and economic growth are fairly well documented for national economies, but less so for urban economies. The analysis of such relationships at the sub-national level of aggregation can potentially offer a useful complement to national-level research. This study examines the electricity-growth nexus in El Paso, Texas, while also considering the roles of capital stocks and employment. Testing suggests the presence of cointegrating relationships and a vector error correction model is estimated. Granger causality tests reveal the absence of causality between electricity consumption and personal income, implying that energy conservation efforts will have a neutral effect on economic growth. Furthermore, the results indicate that causality runs from the capital stock and employment to both personal income and electricity consumption. This echoes previous research regarding the importance of accounting for capital and labour factors of production in studies of aggregate electricity utilization and economic performance. The methodology used in this analysis to develop a broad synthetic measure of the urban capital stock, including various categories of public infrastructure, can also be applied to other regions and urban economies.