Rational Thinking of the Debt of Local Government Financing Vehicle （LGFV）

2009年10月以后,有关地方政府融资平台债务的论题充斥于学界和媒体,但其中有着太多的不清之处。“地方政府融资平台”不是一个科学范畴,从各项文件的界定看,它在内容和范围上并不一致;对地方政府融资平台的作用认识存在严重分歧;在全国各地方并不存在一家挂着“地方政府融资平台”的机构。地方政府融资平台“债务风险”的种种依据并不可靠,其中,债务风险、对银行贷款风险的评估并不确实,对偿还贷款的估算缺乏财务常识,债务特性不清;“土地财政”是个错误用语,地方政府担保含义不清。要真正解决各地方政府拓展城镇化建设资金不足的问题,需要从改革财政体制入手,处理好相关关系。     

The time dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows: Benchmark problems, an efficient solution algorithm, and solution characteristics

An algorithm that can tackle time dependent vehicle routing problems with hard or soft time windows without any alteration in its structure is presented. Analytical and experimental results indicate that average computational time increases proportionally to the number of customers squared. New replicable test problems that capture the typical speed variations of congested urban settings are proposed. Solution quality, time window perturbations, and computational time results are discussed as well as a method to study the impact of perturbations by problem type. The algorithm efficiency and simplicity is well suited for urban areas where fast running times may be required.     

An overview of current research and developments in urban air mobility – Setting the scene for UAM introduction

Recent technological advances provide the means for potentially realizing urban air mobility (UAM) as a passenger transport mode for intra- and inter-urban transport. However, questions regarding regulations, infrastructure requirements, and economic constraints remain to be answered. Therefore, this review aims at giving an overview on different research areas in the emerging topic of UAM. To this end, findings from several fields within the UAM research community were gathered and are presented here to provide a landscape of relevant questions surrounding the implementation of UAM. This overview considers vehicle-related aspects, such as aircraft requirements and aircraft classification for intra- and inter-city passenger transport, and discusses potential hurdles to their introduction. The exploration of challenges includes questions on certification and policy, as well as challenges in the area of traffic management and ground infrastructure requirements. Besides that, literature on operational concepts, possible market structures and the interaction with existing transport systems will be reviewed. The discussion of hurdles will conclude with a summary of current literature on public acceptance of UAM. An overview of methods for modelling and simulation of UAM will wrap up the prior discussion and provide insights on first modelling results.     

基于启发式函数蚁群算法的VRP优化研究

车辆路径问题是一个NP难题,蚁群算法是求解诸如车辆路径安排等组合优化问题的有效工具,为此利用启发式函数对传统的蚁群算法进行改进和优化.并通过实例对该方法进行检验,其结果显示,启发式函数蚁群算法的性能,优于传统的蚁群算法.     

基于MVB总线的动车组门控系统的设计与仿真研究

多功能车辆总线（MVB）是列车通信网络标准中明确定义的通信协议,用于车辆内部各功能设备间的信息传榆,介绍了动车组门控设备与MVB的通信方式和拓扑结构,提出了基于LabVIEW和SimuLink混合编程的门控系统设计方案,并对该系统的主要功能,技术特点,软件实现和上位机监控界面的设计方案等方面进行了简单阐述。     

车辆购置税税收制度对环境治理的影响 ——以京津冀地区的污染防治为例

改革开放以来,我国在推动经济高速发展的同时,疏忽了环境污染的问题,京津冀地区的污染问题尤其严重.京津冀区域环境污染已经成为制约京津冀地区经济可持续发展的最大问题.在解决环境污染的过程中,不同的治理手段,会对财税政策的改革产生不同程度的影响,促使财税政策的改革进一步调整和完善.本文基于库兹涅茨曲线模型,利用京津冀三地20...     

联合V2X通信和最小跳数距离的车辆定位方法

针对传统V2X定位方法定位成功率及定位精度较低的问题,提出了一种联合V2X通信和最小跳数距离的车辆定位方法。车辆利用最小跳数距离估算自身与通信范围外辅助节点间的相对距离,并利用路径相似度因子最高的辅助节点对该误差进行补偿,从而改善定位性能受通信距离约束的局限性。同时,综合考虑距离、辅助节点类型对定位性能的影响,利用加权最小二乘法对车辆位置坐标进行解算,提升定位的精度。仿真结果表明,所提定位方法与V2X定位方法相比,在定位成功率及定位精度方面分别提升38.6%和12.5%,具有一定的应用价值。     

双积分政策下新能源车企、传统车企、政府协同创新的演化博弈研究

双积分政策推动了新能源汽车市场布局的转变,而协同创新有利于车企其提升研发创新的国际核心竞争力。本文在此背景下,构建了新能源车企、传统车企和政府的三方博弈矩阵,研究新能源汽车平均收益、协同创新所获积分和NEV积分的单位售价、协同创新的额外费用、市场订单总量、抢夺市场份额、政府激励额度、监督成本和企业所得税税率等因素对三方协同创新博弈的影响。研究表明：(1)车企始终都选择协同创新,但趋向协同创新的意愿受新能源汽车平均收益、新能源汽车市场订单总量、抢夺市场份额的影响;(2)在双积分政策的背景下,政府从行业的直接引领者转向间接监督者,车企策略选择几乎不受政府激励大小的影响;(3)政府参与协同创新的意愿随着新能源汽车平均收益、车企NEV积分收益、市场订单总量和企业所得税税率的增长而变强,随着激励额度和监督成本的增长而变弱。本研究有助于双积分政策时代我国新能源汽车产业健康可持续高质量发展的精准施策。     

新能源汽车创新生态系统演进风险及应对策略

结合创新生态系统理论,以比亚迪新能源汽车为例,分析新能源汽车创新生态系统内涵与演进过程,研究新能源汽车创新生态系统3个演进阶段依次存在的系统脆弱性风险、盲目扩张风险和匹配依赖风险,并围绕创新驱动、创造需求及利用环境3个方面提出风险应对策略,旨在为我国新能源汽车企业降低创新风险,进行创新生态系统升级提供理论指导与策略支持。