从价值链管理审视入世后外贸企业的走向

本文力图从价值链管理的角度，依据企业外部适应性和内部一体化的平衡原理，分国有外贸企业为大型、中重和小型三种规模类型进行分析，探讨国有外贸企业的可能出路与走向，回答和解决生存发展问题，以期使外贸企业能从被动应战到主动出击，寻找好自己的定位，寻求发展。     

An extended production/recycling model with stationary demand and return rates

A production–recycling system is investigated. A constant demand can be satisfied with production and recycling. The used items are bought back and then recycled. The non-recycled products are disposed of. Two types of models will be analyzed. The first model examines the EOQ-related costs and minimizes the relevant costs. The second model generalizes the first model with the introduction of the cost function with linear waste disposal, recycling, production and buyback costs. It is asked whether the pure (either production or recycling) or mixed strategies are optimal and it will be shown that under these circumstances the mixed strategies are dominated by the pure strategies. The paper generalizes a former model proposed by the authors for the case of one recycling and one production batch to the case of arbitrary batch numbers.     

中国城市外卖包装垃圾空间异质性及影响因素

蓬勃发展的外卖新业态经济带来新环境问题,如何治理外卖包装垃圾成为亟待解决的城市环境问题。本文基于空间自相关分析和地理加权回归模型,探究2018年中国278个地级市外卖包装垃圾产量空间分布特征,以及社会经济与自然环境因素对城市外卖包装垃圾产生的影响。结果表明,城市外卖包装垃圾产量空间差异较大,呈现空间自相关性,空间集聚特征显著。夜间经济、外卖恩格尔系数和第三产业就业人员占比对外卖包装垃圾产量呈正向效应,对我国三大城市群外卖包装垃圾产量影响最大,对东北、西部地区影响较小。本文提出“源头减量、因地施策、靶向治理”外卖包装垃圾治理对策,为外卖行业绿色转型和塑料污染治理提供科学依据。     

加强船厂物资采购管理的原则与方法

物资成本控制是造船成本管理的关键环节。船厂物资采购管理应该与造船模式相结合。严格的规章制度、公开的招标、科学的奖惩机制、计算辅助管理是做好船厂物资采购工作的有效原则与方法。     

Tradition and diversity jeopardised by food safety regulations? The Serrano Cheese case,Campos de Cima da Serra region,Brazil

Although some authors and policymakers have been considering the valorisation of traditional food as a strategy to revitalise rural areas, the commercialisation of such foods in formal markets demands strict compliance with food safety regulations. This is particularly so in relation to building structures and equipment. However, many of these requirements, based on an expectation of zero microbiological contamination, represent a big challenge to traditional food production and commercialisation; they often put in jeopardy the very characteristics that make these foods unique, diverse and desirable. Taking this context into account, how would it be possible to overcome the challenges that food safety regulations represent to the valorisation and maintenance of the individuality and diversity of traditional and artisanal food? This paper, inspired by the Cultural Theory of risk, considers the case of traditional cheeses, particularly those made from raw milk and using wooden surfaces, moulds and utensils, which are commonly used in many Latin American countries. The aim is to amplify the debate related to traditional food valorisation, particularly regarding artisanal cheeses. To do this, we consider the case of Serrano Cheese, an artisanal cheese made from unpasteurised milk in Campos de Cima da Serra, a region located in the southernmost state of Brazil. A field study inspired by the ethnographic method was carried out in this region. The data collected indicate that besides adapting production and expertise to food safety regulations, the valorisation of traditional food depends firstly on understanding the risk perceptions related to these products and secondly on recognising and legitimating traditional forms of knowledge.     

城乡统筹视角下的农村环境基础设施建设

环境基础设施主要包括供水、污水处理、垃圾处理等公共设施,是提升人居环境和生活质量的物质基础。本文从我国农村环境基础设施现状入手,分析存在的主要问题,介绍国外有关经验,并在统筹城乡发展的视角下,提出明确政府责任、建立城乡统一的公共财政投入制度、多元化的供给机制和模式、创新基层村镇管理与服务机制、选择适宜的垃圾及污水处理技术等对策和建议。     

生态效率视角下建筑废弃物减排与利用的法律规制

生态效率是基于环境、经济系统相互关系的测评工具,同时兼顾了经济效益和环境效益.伴随着我国快速城市化的进程,建筑废弃物的大量产生和低效利用带来了严重的环境资源问题,背离了生态效率原则的要求.与美国、德国、日本等发达国家相比较,我国在依法规制建筑废弃物减排与利用方面还存在立法理念落后、专项立法欠缺、监管体制不合理、具体制度...     

创新企业机制 实现转型发展——浙江物产集团创新驱动型发展模式及其启示

比较深圳、上海、浙江三地国有物资集团发展的历程,有助于探索在外部环境变动的情况下,身处传统垄断行业的国有企业如何通过内部转换经营机制、制定正确的战略、树立优秀的标杆企业,实现企业的改革式发展、转型式发展、提升式发展。     

On the efficiency of composting organic wastes

We develop a mathematical programming model for the analysis of a nationwide waste‐management system based on composting of organic wastes. The model integrates a wide range of engineering, environmental, and economic factors, including estimated production functions based on agronomic experimental data, as well as demand functions for vegetative agricultural products. The model is applied to the case of Israel, comprising 14 groups of municipalities as the source of organic municipal solid waste and wastewater‐treatment sludge, 8 composting plants, and 13 agricultural regions; the latter constitute the source of livestock manure and are the consumers of compost to be potentially applied to 42 crops. From a social point of view, 90% of the compost's potential production was found to be warranted. This efficient solution, however, does not emerge under the base‐year‐observed situation, largely because of the absence of source separation of organic municipal solid waste and the farmers' lack of awareness of compost's advantages as a substitute for conventional fertilizers and as a soil‐amending product. Consequently, most of the organic wastes are disposed of by landfilling, resulting in a loss of $102 million per year in terms of net social benefits. While the consumers of agricultural products are expected to benefit from a shift from the base‐year situation to the efficient solution, most of their gain is expected to come at the expense of the farming sector. Nevertheless, the appearance of the efficient solution does not depend on administrative compensation payments, but on the removal of bottlenecks. Potential government intervention strategies to promote the change are analyzed.     

Protest responses and community attitudes toward accepting compensation to host waste disposal infrastructure

Despite the use of host community compensation to solve NIMBY (Not In My Back Yard) siting difficulties in many industrialised countries, the effectiveness of this policy is still being debated in academic and policy-making arenas. In this paper, we examine attitudes held regarding compensation in communities directly impacted upon by final waste disposal infrastructure projects (landfill and incineration) in Ireland using survey responses to two contingent valuation (CV) scenarios and a question relating to preferences for compensation delivery. We find that communities in the pre-construction planning phase for locally undesirable development are less accepting of compensation offers to host the facility than are communities who have lived with such developments to host an extension to the existing facility in their localities. However, many of our respondents who initially reject compensation offers in the CV question go on to accept at least one compensation package in the later compensation preference question. Using this information allows us to draw a distinction between ‘Hardcore’ and ‘Switcher’ protesters to illustrate a more subtle picture of rejection of locally undesirable facilities and compensation packages than has previously been articulated. Using probit regression analysis, we find that property rights or NIMBY concerns – specifically, the treatment of non-local waste at the facility is a concern for many residents – drive this rejection of compensation. Finally, contrary to previous studies concerning preferences for host compensation, community compensation is not always preferred to individual compensation payments.