Developments in the throughput-income relationship: theoretical and empirical observations

It has been suggested that the relationship between income and the associated environmental pressure in terms of derived materials inputs and pollution levels may take an inverted-U shape, indicating a ‘delinking’ of environmental pressure from economic growth in relation to rising per capita incomes. The likelihood of such a relationship being persistent is discussed in the context of a simple macro model of industrial metabolism, and the possibility of ‘relinking’ clearly emerges. Data on specific indicators of environmental pressure (i.e., the throughput of materials, energy and the volume of transport) in 19 countries have been used to investigate patterns of delinking. The results suggest that delinking may not be persistent; already some advanced economies may be entering a new period of relinking. The relationships between environmental pressure and welfare in the medium long term may be N-shaped rather than inverted-U-shaped.     

湖北储备现代物流业务发展初探

论述了湖北储备发展现代物流的必要性和紧迫性及其总体发展战略.提出了湖北储备发展现代物流业务的思路及举措.     

MELiSSA the minimal biosphere: Human life,waste and refuge in deep space

MELiSSA (Micro-Ecological Life Support System Alternative) is a long-term technology program of the European Space Agency. Its aim is to construct autonomous habitats in deep space, supplying astronauts with fresh air, water and food through continuous microbial recycling of human wastes. This article considers how anticipated futures of space travel and environmental survival are materialized in the project to engineer the minimal biosphere capable of reliably sustaining human life: a human/microbe association with the fewest possible species. We locate MELiSSA within a history of bio-infrastructures associated with colonisation projects: refugia in which organisms dislocated from their originary habitats are preserved. Analysis of MELiSSA’s sewage-composting technology suggests that the disordering complexity of human waste presents a formidable “bottle-neck” for the construction of the minimal biosphere, in turn suggesting our dependence on microbial communities (soil, the human gut) of potentially irreducible biocomplexity. MELiSSA researchers think of themselves as pragmatic enablers of space exploration, yet a wider family of space colonisation projects are now imagined in terms of the prospect that the Earth might cease to function as the minimal biosphere capable of supporting civilisation. MELiSSA’s politics of anticipation are paradoxical, promising technologies with which to escape from the Earth and through which it may be sustained.     

A model of optimal extraction and site reclamation

Environmental issues during and after extraction are a major problem in contemporary exhaustible resource production. Production operation deteriorates the state of the environment and is a source of possibly harmful emissions. After the extraction has ceased, the site is in need of reclamation and clean-up. This paper analyses the last two stages of exhaustible resource production: extraction and site reclamation decisions. The socially optimal regulation is investigated, and it is found that a pollution tax, a shut-down date and a requirement for the firm to deposit funds for costly reclamation can be used to incentivize socially optimal extraction of the resource. It is also found that the firm can be required to pay the monies to a reclamation trust at the beginning of the extraction operation, which protects the tax payers from the possible insolvency of the firm who tries to avoid paying for the reclamation.     

网络社群系统识别、结构特征及位置关系研究——以电子信息材料联合专利网络为例

从我国电子信息材料行业联合专利网络抱团现象出发，以中国国家知识产权局（SIPO）专利数据库为数据来源，通过G-N算法的模块度指标，动态识别该行业联合专利网络社群结构特征，并从整体层次分析社群的位置关系。结果表明，我国电子信息材料行业存在明显的社群结构；创新网络中的社群结构具有内部连接紧密、外部连接稀疏的特征，在一定时间范围内呈现社群规模和数量保持相对稳定的系统特征；社群在创新网络中扮演着领导人及经纪人角色。通过对联合专利网络社群的剖析，有助于了解企业合作研发行为，同时为网络社群治理和网络权力配置研究提供新视角。     

The cost implications of waste reduction: factor demand, competitiveness and policy implications

Manufacturing produces both good and “bad” outputs, such as waste, which have negative environmental effects. Economic (e.g., tax) and non-economic (e.g., reputation) incentives encourage firms to reduce waste. However, such practices are costly because decreases in output produced or increases in inputs used may accompany waste reduction. We employ a cost function approach to evaluate patterns of output and waste production and capital, labor, and materials use, for UK manufacturing plants. We find that costs of waste reduction generally imply increasing materials use and capital and labor input saving, but vary by county, region, and industry.

粉浆废液中蛋白质的提取方法

本文研究了由粉浆废液中提取粗蛋白的方法,测定了粗蛋白中蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪等成分含量。按本文所述方法处理粉浆废液,不仅可以提高产品的附加值,而且可降低对环境造成的污染,利于环保。     

内资和外资:谁更有利于环境保护——来自我国工业部门面板数据的经验分析

本文从规模效应、结构效应和技术效应三个层面分析了我国内资和外资工业部门在废气、废水和固体废弃物三种污染物上的污染排放效应,研究结果发现在废气的结构效应和固体废弃物的技术效应上,内资工业部门比外资工业部门更有利于环境质量的改善;在废气的技术效应、废水的结构效应和固体废弃物的规模效应上,外资工业部门比内资工业部门更容易导致环境质量的恶化。该发现在一定程度上支持了"污染避难所假说"的存在,从而蕴含着相应的政策涵义。     

相变材料在调温纺织品中的研究现状

以相变材料而制成的调温纺织品是近年来陆续开发的功能性纺织品之一,在近几十年的研究与发展中获得了令人瞩目的发展。对调温纺织品的发展进行描述,同时较为详细地介绍了调温纺织品在不同发展阶段的加工技术及其各阶段产品的特性,介绍了相变材料的发展趋势和其在调温纺织品上的应用,以及国内外的研究现状,同时对调温纺织品的智能化前景进行了展望。     

Feasibility and optimality of sustainable growth under materials balance

Pollution from consumption and production is an inevitable part of economic processes. We employ a materials balance approach and develop an endogenous growth theory, with recycling activity, to examine the evolution of the economic and environment systems. This paper provides feasibility and optimality conditions for sustainable economic growth with rising environmental quality. The fundamental condition of feasibility is that the flow of natural resources, which eventually returns to the environment as waste and pollution, has a negative growth rate in the long run.