中国西部地区生态环境逆向演替之分析

在国家实施西部大开发的过程中,生态环境恢复与重建显得格外重要。为此,本文深入分析了环境与可持续发展之间的关系,其一是人类的发展离不开自然生态环境而独立存在;其二是生态环境是支撑发展的最基本的条件;其三是确立可持续发展观将更有利于生态环境的长期改善。笔者研究了西部退耕还林(草)地区环境问题的现状及其产生的原因,确立能够确保西部地区脱贫、发展与可持续发展实现的环境改善目标、改善路径和可行的对策措施,以建立可持续发展条件下的西部地区的环境整治与重建体系,从而更有利于可持续发展基础的稳固与坚实。     

产业集聚一定能带来经济效率吗：规模效应与拥挤效应

规模效应与拥挤效应是产业集聚“一枚硬币的两面”,集聚也会导致集聚效应由规模效应向拥挤效应转变。本文利用１９９９～２００７年全国６０个工业城市数据,实证分析拥挤效应对全要素生产率的影响,证实了拐点的存在。通过运用门限模型发现２００３年是我国经济发展的拐点,进一步的面板回归表明２００３年及以前规模效应占主导,之后拥挤效应的约束性作用逐渐凸显,集聚度与全要素生产率存在着倒Ｕ型关系。本文的研究结论有着重要的政策启示：一是我国已经进入拥挤时期,鼓励先发地区向欠发地区产业转移有着必要性;二是就城镇化建设而言,在鼓励农村富余劳动力向城市转移过程中,缺乏要素激励的转移可能只会产生拥挤效应而不是规模效应。     

建设西部体育用品制造基地的战略研究

制造基地是助推工业经济的增长级.要推进陕西体育产业转型升级、加快发展陕西体育用品制造业,西部体育用品制造基地建设亟不可待.通过纵览基地建设的历史背景、探讨基地发展机遇、梳理基地建设的政策依据,科学设定基地建设目标及总体思路,设计适合陕西省情的基地管理体制和运作模式,确立基地的功能定位和功能区划分,重点分析西安核心园区及特色产业园区的定位和建设内容,最后有针对性地提出两阶段的基地建设措施.预计到2021年,全面建成立足陕西、带动西部、辐射全国、影响深远的国家级新型西部体育用品制造基地,成为推动陕西经济发展的重要力量.     

西汉前期的农本思想与农税政策分析

在中国古代史上,西汉前期的农本思想与农税政策所表现出的思想深度及其取得的重大成效在中国历史上影响深远,值得重视和深入分析。这一思想与政策,强化了举国上下的重农意识,充分发挥了财税杠杆对农业的激励作用,调动了农民的生产积极性,极大地促进了农业的恢复与发展,从而开创了中国古代史上著名的"文景之治",成为后来治国的范例。     

西部农村大开发与小城镇建设

西部农村大开发的关键在于发展特色经济,增加农民收入,降低农业成本,转移农村剩余劳动力.通过引农入镇,以商活镇,科学规划发展西部小城镇,既能引导农民发展特色经济又能发展二、三产业,转移剩余劳动力,增加农民收入,使西部农村大开发与小城镇建设相得益彰.     

Networking responses to different levels of institutional void: A comparison of internationalizing SMEs in Egypt and the UK

This paper reports a comparative qualitative study of how decision-makers in internationalizing SMEs respond to relevant institutions in their domestic environment through networking activity. Twenty SMEs are compared respectively from a developing economy (Egypt) and a developed economy (UK). The two countries contrast both in the effectiveness of their institutional support for SMEs and in their cultural norms towards network relationships. Substantial differences are found between the two national samples in SME decision makers’ networking behaviour in response to specific institutional conditions. The links between institutional conditions, national cultural norms and SME networking responses are explicated in a new theoretical model.     

Dynamics of agricultural land use change in Kerala: a policy and social-ecological perspective

Land-use change is a phenomenon highlighting significant shifts in human interaction with the natural environment. Different patterns of agriculture and a trend towards non-agricultural land use challenge the sustainability of farming systems. This study aims to identify the causes of changes in land use and cropping patterns, with a special focus on paddy, the staple crop in Asia. In the case of Wayanad, a district in Kerala, South India, we argue for an interdisciplinary analysis of rapid land-use change to unpack the multiple dimensions of sustainability: economic, ecological and social factors, aggregating up to 70% reduction in the area under paddy by 2010. The results rest on empirical field research, participatory rural appraisals and stakeholder workshops conducted during the 4-year period from 2010 to 2013, along with state- and district-level data covering the 1983–2011 period. Reduced economic viability, labour shortages and population pressure on land are the major drivers for the transformation of paddy fields to other land uses. Changes in land use and agrarian structure reflect not only the livelihood strategies adopted by farmers in response to these drivers, but also the impacts of unintended policy idiosyncrasies. At a more fundamental level, they are the consequences of policy conflicts and inadequate sectoral integration of policies and implementation strategies.     

我国东西部城市旅游的差异分析

城市是区域发展的核心与枢纽 ,城市旅游的发展状况影响着区域旅游发展的结构、规模和水平。本文从我国区域旅游发展不平衡的现状出发 ,从城市化水平、旅游整体水平、旅游空间结构、旅游产品与模式等方面分析了东部和西部城市旅游的差异。为西部旅游开发提供了一定的参考。     

Estimating Value Creation from Revealed Preferences: Application to Value‐based Strategies

Research summary : We develop and apply a new set of empirical tools consistent with the tenets of value‐based business strategies, leveraging the principle that “no good deal comes undone” and the methods of revealed preferences, to empirically estimate drivers of value creation. We demonstrate how to use these tools in an analysis of value creation in buyer–supplier relationships in the UK corporate legal market. We show that our approach can uncover evidence of subtle mechanisms that traditional methods cannot easily distinguish from each other. Furthermore, we show how the estimates can be used as parameters of biform games for out‐of‐sample analyses of strategic decisions. With readily available data on relationships between firms, this approach can be applied to many other contexts of interest to strategy researchers. Managerial summary : Managers need to understand the drivers of value creation for customers in order to make competitive positioning decisions and understand when they can capture value under competition. However, estimates of the relative importance of each driver are typically difficult to obtain. In this article, we help remedy this problem by demonstrating a novel method that obtains estimates of the contribution of various drivers of value creation from commonly available data of buyer–supplier relationships. These estimates can then be used to inform the strategy‐making process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Impact of Frictions in Routine Execution on Economies of Scope

Research summary: Based on a detailed database of a beverages producer‐distributor that expanded its product variety by leveraging its logistic network, we show that product diversification generates economies of scope and also higher operational costs. The result is an inverted‐U relationship between variety and productivity: When the firm offers few additional categories, productivity grows, but as the number of categories rises, the costs of executing the operational routines increase rapidly and productivity falls. The negative effect on productivity increases if the added product category is more dissimilar to previous ones, and decreases with learning from operational experience. Our results highlight how frictions at the operational level can limit the benefits of diversification, even in the absence of other sources of diseconomies, such as increased coordination needs. Managerial summary: One of the prevalent reasons for companies to expand to adjacent product lines is attaining economies of scope. However, such growth strategy also generates operational frictions, even if the day‐to‐day routines do not appear to change at all. Product diversity is disruptive for routine execution, as it requires coordination and exception handling, and may ultimately overcome any efficiency obtained from growth. We estimate the relevance of such operational friction using data from a beverages distribution network. When product variety is low, additional categories do generate efficiency, but after reaching a given threshold, friction prevails. We find that operational friction increases when products are more dissimilar, but is attenuated when workers learn from their own and other's experience. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.