Is Marx's absolute rent due to a monopoly price?

ABSTRACT

Absolute rent, in Marx's view, has an upper limit represented by the difference between the value and the price of production of agricultural commodities. The relevance of this limit was questioned by Bortkiewicz because of the difficulties concerning the argument which Marx based it on. The lack of this upper limit prompted some scholars to claim that there is no difference between absolute rent and a rent paid by a monopoly price. Referring to the classical/Marxian theory of monopoly price, we shall argue that it is still possible to distinguish absolute rent from a rent due to a monopoly price.     

Medication,equipment, and supply costs for common interventions providing extended post-surgical analgesia following total knee arthroplasty in US hospitals

Aims: To estimate the cost to hospitals of materials (i.e. medications, equipment, and supplies) required to administer common interventions for post-surgical analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including single-injection peripheral nerve block (sPNB), continuous peripheral nerve block (cPNB), periarticular infiltration of multi-drug cocktails, continuous epidural analgesia, intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (IV PCA), and local infiltration of bupivacaine liposome injectable suspension (BLIS).

Materials and methods: This analysis was conducted using a mixed methods approach combining published literature, publicly available data sources, and administrative data, to first identify the materials required to administer these interventions, and then estimate the cost to the hospital of those materials. Medication costs were estimated primarily using the Wholesale Acquisition Costs (WAC), the cost of reusable equipment was obtained from published sources, and costs for disposable supplies were obtained from the US Government Services Administration (GSA) database. Where uncertainty existed about the technique used when administering these interventions, costs were calculated for multiple scenarios reflecting different assumptions.

Results: The total cost of materials (i.e. medications, equipment, and supplies) required to provide post-surgical analgesia was $41.88 for sPNB with bupivacaine; $756.57 for cFNB with ropivacaine; $16.38 for periarticular infiltration with bupivacaine, morphine, methylprednisolone, and cefuroxime; $453.84 for continuous epidural analgesia with fentanyl and ropivacaine; $178.94 for IV PCA with morphine; and $319.00 for BLIS.

Limitations: This analysis did not consider the cost of healthcare providers required to administer these interventions. In addition, this analysis focused on the cost of materials and, therefore, did not consider aspects of relative efficacy or safety, or how the choice of intervention for post-surgical analgesia might impact outcomes such as length of stay, re-admissions, discharge status, adverse events, or total hospitalization costs.

Conclusions: This study provided an estimate of the costs to hospitals for materials required to administer commonly used interventions for post-surgical analgesia after TKA.     

改进的Loran-C同步干扰抑制高效自适应算法

针对目前Loran-C系统抑制同步干扰所采用的自适应算法存在运算量大、定位时间长 的缺点,提出了一种改进算法,即BMMax-NLMS算法,并对运算量进行了比较。通过建立Lora n-C信 号模型,运用改进算法对干扰信号进行自适应滤波。仿真结果表明,该算法能够在抑制同步 干扰的同时有效减少运算量。最后,利用实测数据进一步验证了这些结论。     

关于高精度轨道绝对坐标测量系统应用的探讨

保证高速列车运营安全和舒适性的首要条件是轨道的高平顺性,轨道的高平顺性依赖于高质量的轨道铺设和养护维修,而获得高质量轨道几何线形的基础是精密的测量技术,因此,高速有砟轨道建立高精度轨道绝对坐标测量系统,不仅是施工的需要,也是今后线路养护维修工作的基础和保证。建立高精度轨道绝对坐标测量系统在国内具有其先进性和创新性,并具有极高的应有价值,对指导时速200～250km有砟轨道养护、维修、施工是适宜的,便于操作和实施,具有较高的经济、社会效益。     

中国B股市场羊群效应检验

金融市场微观结构理论和行为金融学的兴起引起了人们对证券市场羊群效应的广泛关注。在收集中国深市和沪市B股数据的基础上,采用个股横截面收益率的绝对偏离度指标检验B股市场的羊群效应。结果发现,和A股市场一样,B股同样存在显著的羊群效应,而且深市B股羊群效应强于沪市B股。如果以2001年2月19日B股向国内个人投资者开放作为分界点,开放后的羊群效应比开放前更显著。     

城市历史街区街巷空间的改造——以成都市宽窄巷子为例

随着经济的发展,人们的物质生活逐渐丰裕,对精神生活的要求也变得丰富,人们开始寻找历史的记忆点。在这个背景下,城市历史街区面临着巨大的挑战。一方面由于基础设施等的落后,历史街区暴露出很多社会问题,无法满足人们的日常需要;另一方面,它们是城市历史的记忆点,是人们认知城市的媒介。城市历史街区的改造是一把双刃剑,既要延续城市的文脉,又要给该地区带来经济效益,实现可持续发展。宽窄巷子作为历史街区改造较成功的案例,文章着重阐述了其在进行街巷空间的改造时,所用到的两种方法及其他们之间所呈现出来的关系。     

辽河断陷齐3-17-5块莲花油层储层“四性”关系研究

辽河断陷齐3-17-5块莲花油层储层主要为湖底扇相沉积,通过对取心井的岩性统计分析,研究区储层主要以砂砾岩、粗砂岩、中砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩等为主。通过对该段储层测井、录井、岩心和试油等资料的收集、整理、校正、分析,开展了储层特性和油水层解释标准研究,总结出该地区储层的四性关系,并建立了储层油、气、水、干层的解释标准及解释图版,确定出油层的有效厚度下限标准,为储层参数模型建立和油气层识别打下了坚实的基础。     

对管道穿楼板套管设置规定的探讨

对《建筑给水排水及采暖工程施工质量验收规范》"基本规定"中的设置管道金属或塑料套管的规定进行探讨;分析了何时设置什么样的套管;并应该如何进行封堵。     

消防水幕系统的研究现状概述

本文基于目前国内外专家对于消防水幕的研究成果,介绍了不同因素对消防水幕衰减辐射热、阻隔有毒有害气体等方面能力的影响规律,分析了消防水幕在工程中应用的可行性和存在的优缺点,希望以此为消防水幕系统的设计与研究提供参考。