推进我国信息无障碍建设的必要性分析

在社会信息化的过程中,特殊人群和普通人群之间的"数字鸿沟"逐渐拉大,这已成为各个国家面临的新问题。我国要建设和谐的信息化社会,推进信息无障碍工作,不断缩小"数字鸿沟"就显得极为重要,本文从六个方面分析了推进信息无障碍对我国政治、经济、文化发展的重要作用,从而为信息无障碍工作的推进提供理论支撑。     

翻译认知可及程度分析

翻译新手和高手在翻译上采取不同的翻译行为与其认知心理可及程度有关,而认知心理可及程度又与译者大脑中控制短期记忆和长期记忆模块有关。从翻译新手向高手的发展过程是一个从理解、使用现场知识向逐渐应用已有知识的演变过程。     

Dynamics of agglomeration,accessibility, and total factor productivity: evidence from Japanese regions

With Japan’s declining population, improving productivity is important to achieving continuous regional economic growth. This study focuses on the regional effects of population agglomeration and accessibility on total factor productivity (TFP). Empirical analysis shows that population agglomeration contributed to TFP growth, most significantly in the Greater Tokyo area. The interaction (flow) of people was examined and the importance of high-speed transportation network for TFP growth was clarified as the effect of accessibility on TFP growth. Population agglomeration and the development of transportation network are thus important strategies for growing regional economies.     

突发公共卫生事件中南京公园管理策略 研究 ——基于OD矩阵模型

针对突发公共卫生事件中的公园管理政策,以1月 24日的南京关闭公园景点规定为例,通过结合流行病学、公共 卫生、旅游、人口迁徙、绿地可达性多个专业领域数据及分析 方法,基于OD矩阵角度比较不同出行方式和传染期对政策执 行效果的影响差异。研究发现：1)及时关闭重要公园景点可能 使93%研究范围免于被传染,被传染人数下降62%~3 125%, 并间接减少重症病例;2)车行相较步行,传染区总面积增加 614%,高危区增加317倍,出行人口中公交比例越高,关闭 公园政策降低的染病率越高;3)步行、自行车传播与居民点 和公园入口最近距离有关,车行与居民点人口总数有关,各城 市需重点监控区域不同;4)节假日背景下,公园封闭政策应 该在进入社区传播前执行,否则效果大大降低。重要公共场所 和公交管控应作为同期政策,一并推出。     

基于居民出行需求的个体可达性模型构建

交通系统是否能够满足人们出行活动舒适、安全、便捷、准时、经济地到达目的地的要求,可以采用可达性这一指标来衡量。现有研究多是从交通供给角度测度可达性可以给交通使用者提供怎样一种服务,不足以从微观角度衡量个体到达某一区位的机会和能力。本文试图从个体出行需求角度出发,运用随机效用理论,将出行者出行行为看成消费者的选择行为,构建基于居民出行需求的个体可达性分析框架。     

Exploring the impacts of land use by service coverage and station-level accessibility on rail transit ridership

In this study, we employ spatial regression analysis to empirically investigate the impacts of land use, rail service coverage, and rail station accessibility on rail transit ridership in the city of Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan region. Our analyses suggest that a rail transit service coverage boundary of 500 m provides the best fit for estimating rail transit ridership levels. With regard to land use, our results confirm that density is positively related to rail transit ridership within a 750 m radius of each station. In contrast, land use diversity is not associated with rail transit ridership. We also found that station-level accessibility is as important as land use for explaining rail transit ridership levels. Finally, we conclude that development density and station-level accessibility measures such as the number of station entrances or exits and the number of bus routes at the station are the most important and consistent factors for promoting rail transit ridership.     

Operationalization of path walkability for sustainable transportation

Most walking travel behavior research thus far has tested area-based neighborhood walkability, which is measured with meso-level urban form attributes. In need of micro-level walkability analyses that focus on individual travelers and their routes, we propose a route-oriented linear walkability concept named “path walkability.” It is defined and measured by 42 path walkability indicators that can collectively represent an individual traveler's micro-level walkability. A graphic measurement instrument for an objective and efficient on-field walkability measurement is developed. This study also sets the protocol for quantitatively integrating the walkability data measured at the segment level into path walkability indicators that are comparable at the route level. To test the applicability of the proposed path walkability, a pilot case study is conducted within a station area. A user survey is administered to collect transit users' access mode choices and walking routes to the station. The survey results help identify two groups of street segments: one used by regular walkers and the other selected by habitual auto users/occasional walkers. The routes chosen by the two groups are quantitatively and graphically compared for walkability. The analyses show a physically measurable and quantitatively comparable difference between the routes' walkability and suggest criteria for walking-conducive transit walkability for station users. Specific design recommendations for improving street-level micro-walkability for future transit-oriented developments (TODs) are added along with a future research agenda.     

Consumer Perspectives on Brand Extension Effects in Mexico: An Empirical Analysis of Buying Decision Patterns

ABSTRACT

Brands are successful because people prefer them to ordinary products. In addition to the psychological factors, brands give consumers the means whereby they can make choices and judgments. The secret to successful branding is to influence the way consumers perceive the company or product, and brands can affect the minds of customers by appealing to acquired and analyzed information. The inflow and outflow of information about brands through inter-personal communication may act as a device for coordinating consumers' expectations resulting from the purchasing decisions of other consumers in markets with consumption externalities. The belief that individual differences or choice behavior in brand preference are caused by personality differences has not always been supported by empirical research.

RESUMEN. Las marcas son exitosas porque las personas se inclinan a preferirlas a los productos comunes. Además de los factores psicológicos, las marcas también brindan a los consumidores los medios necesarios que les permiten tomar decisiones y hacer juicios. El secreto de las marcas exitosas consiste en el hecho de que ellas influyen sobre la forma en que los consumidores perciben a la compañía o producto, afectando la mente de los consumidores y atrayéndolos a una información adquirida y analizada. El flujo de información sobre las marcas en ambas direcciones en una comunicación interpersonal, puede actuar como un dispositivo para coordinar las expectativas de los consumidores en base a la decisión de compra de otros consumidores en mercados con externalidades de consumo. La creencia de que las diferencias o gustos individuales respecto a la preferencia de las marcas son causados por diferencias en la personalidad, es algo que la investigación empírica no consigue confirmar siempre.

RESUMO. Marcas são bem sucedidas porque as pessoas as preferem aos produtos comuns. Além dos fatores psicológicos, as marcas fornecem aos consumidores os meios por intermédio dos quais podem fazer escolhas e emitir julgamentos. O segredo para uma política de marcas bem sucedida é influenciar a maneira como os consumidores percebem a empresa ou o produto, e as marcas podem afetar a mente dos consumidores lançando mão de informaç[otilde]es adquiridas e analisadas. O fluxo de entrada e saída de informação sobre marcas, gerado pela comunicação interpessoal, pode atuar como um instrumento para coordenar expectativas de consumidores resultantes das decis[otilde]es de compra de outros consumidores em mercados com externalidades de consumo. A crença de que as diferenças individuais ou o comportamento de escolha na preferência pela marca são causados por diferenças de personalidade não tem sempre sido corroborada pela pesquisa empírica.     

Embrace the debate: Goals,de-marketing overconsumption,and conflicting information

When faced with conflicting information, consumers often wonder what the “right” consumption level is. A highly relevant context that is often associated with such uncertainty is food consumption (e.g., of meat or dairy products), where consumers seek information to determine whether and how much to consume, and often a recommended goal from health experts is to reduce overconsumption. We apply the theory of goal settings as reflecting such information, focusing on specific goals (e.g., “eat meat twice a week”) versus general goals (“eat less meat”). Based on a series of three experiments in both online and field settings with 674 participants overall, we show that in food consumption contexts with conflicting information, general goals set by health experts are less effective than specific goals in battling overconsumption. Perceived value of information was identified as the underlying mechanism as it mediated the effect of conflicting information on reduced overconsumption. Prior work suggests conflicting information is typically disadvantageous for consumers. Our research demonstrates how consumers can benefit from communication emphasizing specific goals when information conflicts. It contributes to policymakers, health experts, and social marketers that search for effective marketing strategies to reduce overconsumption of items that may be associated with conflicting information.     

Where they go,what they do and why it matters: the importance of geographic accessibility and social class for decisions relating to higher education institution type,degree level and field of study

This article considers the impact of geographic accessibility and social class on school leavers when making decisions relating to higher education institution (HEI) type, degree level and field of study. Using a novel and comprehensive Irish data set, we consider a number of joint decisions facing school leavers in relation to where and what to study and employ a range of bivariate choice models which allows us to control for correlations in these decisions. We find that geographic accessibility and social class play an important role in determining outcomes relating to HEI type, degree level and field of study. We argue that these decisions are important in terms of future labour market and other outcomes for school leavers and that current policy in Ireland does not go far enough in mitigating the impact of distance and socio-economic barriers on these outcomes.