我国工业企业社会保险负担的区域差异分析——基于超越对数生产函数的实证研究

本文设计了企业社会保险负担率的指标,并根据超越对数生产函数构建了社会保险负担率的测算模型,分析了各地区工业企业的社会保险负担差异。结果表明：第一,我国工业企业社会保险负担从大到小依次是：中部、西部、东部、东北。与当前社会保险＂主要向西部地区和东北地区倾斜＂倾斜的政策取向存在一定差异。第二,各地区的企业社会保险负担位次,与企业利润水平位次负相关。因此确定企业社会保险缴费基数,应当综合考虑企业劳动报酬和利润水平因素。第三,企业社会保险负担位次与资本投入水平的位次负相关,企业社会保险负担增加将导致资本对劳动的替代,对就业问题产生一定影响。     

Impact of youth injuries on the uninsured farm family's economic viability

The objective of this study is to estimate the impact of youth injuries on the uninsured farm family's economic viability. Using farm prototypes, we compared farm profits with costs of farm youth injuries. We built profit models for two types of farms, dairy and soybean farms. Then we estimated the cost impact of farm youth injuries of different levels of severity on a farm family with no health insurance. A severe child injury that requires at least 10 days of hospitalisation would cost almost equal to the operating profit of the average dairy farm with no health insurance and would turn the operating profit of the average soybean farm into a severe loss of $99,499. Prevention of child agricultural injuries would significantly improve the financial situation for farm families that lack health insurance.     

价值最大化下的企业社会责任与竞争力关系

本文从历史和逻辑层面出发,认为企业的本质是追求企业价值最大化,承担社会责任是获得最大化企业价值的必要条件,形成了保持——提升责任竞争力理论,为价值最大化条件下企业承担社会责任提供理论基础和分析框架。同时,在建议对策中提出了企业的责任战略、构建责任战略的过程和选取提升类责任的SPED-CAR原则,针对政府提出了构建积极健康的责任环境等几点建议。     

Identifying Client Fairness Criteria in Income Tax Services

Abstract

Organizational justice (i.e., fairness) has been an important construct in the management literature. Employee perceptions of the fairness of outcomes and procedures have been found to have important attitudinal and behavioral consequences. Fairness has more recently been studied in service industries. However, client perceptions of fairness in accounting services have yet to be explored. It is likely that fairness perceptions are particularly salient in income tax return services. In an exploratory study, we sought to identify the types of experiences that trigger these clients' perceptions of fairness. The results suggest some common criteria that can help CPAs and their firms mitigate the potential negative consequences of client perceptions of unfairness. Regression analyses were also used to determine the most significant predictors of client satisfaction with the overall service and global perceptions of fairness.     

Global Warming and German Agriculture Impact Estimations Using a Restricted Profit Function

This study uses the concept of shadow prices formeasuring the impacts of climate change. By estimatinga restricted profit function rather than a cost or aproduction function the explanatory power of the modelis increased because of an endogenous outputstructure. Using low aggregated panel data on WesternGerman farmers, the results imply that the agricultural production process is significantly influenced by climate conditions. Simulation results using a 2 ×CO₂ climate scenario show positive impactsfor all regions in Germany. Interestingly, the spatialdistribution of the gains is indicating no advantagefor those regions, which currently suffer frominsufficient temperature. Finally, the importance ofan endogenous output structure is confirmed by thefinding that the desired product mix will drasticallychange.     

浅析上市公司利润操纵行为及防范

会计信息失真是多方面原因造成的,操纵利润是其主要目的。本文具体分析了上市公司利润操纵的主要方法,并针对性提出了一系列的防范措施,以便近一步消除或抑制利润操纵行为,提高会计信息质量,促进市场经济朝着健康有序的方向发展。     

上市连锁零售企业资本结构影响因素实证分析

利用多元回归分析方法研究了我国上市连锁零售公司资本结构的影响因素。研究表明:上市连锁零售公司规模与资本结构正相关;盈利能力、营运能力、偿债能力与资本结构负相关;而企业成长性和国有股所占比重与资本结构无关。     

商品销售结算中的税收问题探析

本文通过一个案例分析了销售折扣、销售折让、支付返利与税法规定之间的关系，提出了正确使用销售折扣、销售折让、支付返利以合理避税的观点，探讨了将商业折扣、支付返利转为销售折让以合理避税的思路。     

从关联产业间的周期关系看钢铁行业的荣衰变化——又到学习“邯钢经验”时

钢铁产业正进入高成本与低收入的困难时期,因此,前些年在高收入与低成本所造成的繁荣时期而被冷落的注重成本管理的“邯钢经验”又将会成为钢铁行业普遍重视的对象。这种情况是由钢铁行业与其上下游行业及国民经济的周期关系决定的。市场经济的基本矛盾和作用机制,使得决定利润率变化的各种性质不同的价格组合,一方面在每个产业内部都具有时间上的继起性,由此决定了每个部门周期的必然性,另一方面在存在着投入产出关系的各产业之间具有空间上的并存性和时间上的继起性,这决定了它们之间的周期关系是不完全同步的,因此,在任何时候都会出现“繁荣中的萧条”与“萧条中的繁荣”现象。不同部门之间既有差异但又具有较高同步性的周期关系,则决定着宏观经济的周期运动。宏观周期同样是由微观机制决定的。