基于强互惠理论的会计准则变迁研究

强互惠理论将人类的精神活动因素引入制度变迁研究中,扩展了人们将制度作为外部环境的接受者,制度变迁是自发演化过程或理性设计过程简单＂二分法＂的认识。会计准则作为一种制度安排,能够运用制度的理论框架予以分析。本文在强互惠理论博弈解说的基础上,对1992~2006年中国会计准则变迁过程进行分析。研究结论显示：中国会计准则变迁是自发演化与理性设计的统一,中国会计准则变迁过程中体现出自愿性和强制性双重强互惠特征,而且自愿性强互惠是主要特征,政府型强互惠滞后。     

One for all and all for one: privatization and Universal Service provision in the postal sector

Universal Service provision has a special role for the public utilities sector in many Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries. These public utilities have largely been subject to privatization during the last 3 decades. Efficiency effects of privatization are widely documented while the impacts on the quality and accessibility of the Universal Service are not much examined. By using a unique dataset on privatization for 21 countries over the period 1980–2007 for the postal sector, we are able to show that privatization, in particular formal privatization, has led to a decrease in the quality of the Universal Service.     

An integrated academic literacy approach to improving students’ understanding of plagiarism in an accounting course

Plagiarism in higher education is a widespread and complex issue. Students' understanding of plagiarism differs as a result of combining their prior learning about referencing with their current experience of institutional policies and generic resources. Plagiarism was identified as a major learning issue in a core second-year undergraduate accounting course at an Australian university. The purpose of this field study was to implement and evaluate an educative, integrated, discipline-specific intervention designed to address this learning issue. In the study, the theoretical and practical components of understanding plagiarism are identified as conceptualisation and application. Evaluation of students’ questionnaire responses pre and post the implementation of the intervention showed an improvement in their understanding of plagiarism, both conceptually and in the application of their knowledge. Furthermore, students’ reflections evidenced that they perceived positive changes in their understanding of plagiarism post intervention.     

虚拟价值链下促进服务外包发展的策略选择

经济全球化带来的产品内工序分工和广义虚拟经济的发展,使得服务外包得到了迅速的发展.本文通过研究虚拟价值链下服务外包发展的动因,结合服务外包发展现状及其影响,提出了中国发展服务外包的策略选择.     

Outsourcing and structural change. Application to a set of OECD countries

The examination in this paper aims to bridge outsourcing and structural change analyses in order to obtain more accurate insights into the extent of outsourcing and to extract more reliable policy recommendations for dealing with its effects. We do this by applying a ‘battery’ of outsourcing measurements to a group of OECD countries from 1980 to the mid 1990s. Expected results (e.g. the idiosyncratic outsourcing patterns of the UK) are confirmed on a more systematic and comparable basis, while original results (e.g. the low integration of business services in manufacturing in the former socialist economies) are based on the exploitation of new data.     

用管理会计营运现代商业银行

现代管理会计是商业银行经营之必需。现代商业银行在市场经济体制条件下,必须改变在计划经济时期形成的经营理念和管理机制以及控制手段,运用现代管理会计制度,创新企业运营模式。现代管理会计制度的特点在于,侧重于为企业内部管理服务,方式方法灵活多样,同时兼顾企业经营的全局与局部两个方面,并面向未来。这也是管理会计区别于财务会计的一个主要标志。     

无缝隙全覆盖是实现基本公共服务均等化的第一步——宝鸡实践对西部地区完善社会保障体系的启示

陕西省宝鸡市基本建立起一整套相对完善和相互衔接的社会保障制度框架,在制度层面上实现了所有应该享受社会保障人群的无缝隙、全覆盖,有力地促进了全市经济快速发展和社会和谐进步,为西部欠发达地区建立和完善社会保障体系探索了有益的经验。     

并购商誉、商誉减值与股票错误定价

以近年来上市公司频发的并购重组为背景,选取2007—2019年我国沪深A股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了并购商誉对股票错误定价的影响。研究发现,商誉加剧了并购方的股票错误定价,高商誉的公司股价被严重高估,计提商誉减值能够向投资者传递增量信息,缓解商誉导致的股票错误定价。进一步研究发现,会计稳健性和投资者情绪在并购商誉对股票错误定价的影响中发挥了部分中介作用。商誉对股票错误定价的影响在管理层持股高、分析师跟踪人数多的情况下更为显著,上市公司大股东及管理层存在利用并购商誉导致的股价高估实现高位减持的行为。研究结论有助于投资者对并购商誉正确定价,提高资本市场定价效率。     

The Unintended Consequences of the Frequency of PCAOB Inspection

After more than 50 years of self‐regulation of the US auditing profession, the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) as a quasi‐governmental entity with statutory authority to inspect accounting firms that audit public clients. The frequency of this inspection is annual or triennial, based upon the number of public clients the firm audits. We examine the effects of these two levels of inspection frequency on financial reporting quality and audit fees for clients of small and midsize public accounting firms. Our findings provide evidence of significantly higher audit quality and audit fees for clients of annually inspected firms relative to clients of triennially inspected firms. These findings are robust to auditor‐client alignment analyses, propensity score matching, time‐series analyses, examination of firms that have changed from triennial to annual inspection, and particular examination of firms with inspection deficiencies. Overall, our study suggests that the two‐tier frequency system of PCAOB inspection may have also resulted in two‐tier audit quality and audit fee systems for small and midsize public accounting firms, with more frequent inspection leading to more rigorous and informed auditor decisions. We discuss the implications of our results for the Board and the profession at large.     

生态系统服务价值评估：问题与出路

生态系统服务价值评估近年来已经成为生态经济学与环境经济学的热门话题,但其发展似乎停滞不前了。究其原因,生态系统服务价值评估存在三大问题：第一,价值的定义无法最终确定,导致价值评估方法的无所适从;第二,现有价值评估方法忽略了生态系统及其服务所具有的生态学特点,从某种程度上来说,已经背离了评估的本意;第三,价值评估方法忽略了生态系统的产权问题,导致其实用性大打折扣。针对以上问题,本文对生态系统服务价值评估发展方向进行了讨论,并据此提出了尝试性解决思路。