Ground Roasted Coffee Consumers’ Ability to Determine Actual Quality: The Use of Attributes and the Role of Education Level in Mexico

This study contributes to the understanding of the consumer’s ability to distinguish levels of quality of a product comparing it to an objective evaluation. Also, it was hypothesized that a higher level of education would lead to a better ability to discriminate quality. Perceived and objective quality are compared using a semi-experimental design with subjects evaluating coffee attributes. Objective values are provided by certified expert coffee cuppers, whereas perceived values are obtained from regular coffee drinkers. Results suggest that the importance placed on each attribute (aroma, flavour, body, and residual flavour) by the consumer is different from that placed on each attribute by the experts. Furthermore, the most relevant attribute for the consumer (flavour) is distinct from the one most relevant for experts (residual flavour). Additionally, the consumer is unable to distinguish quality levels as an expert can do, regardless of his education level.     

煤气流量测量过程中的公式导出和仪表实现

文章通过设备的调试、单体、连接和安装,对流量量程的差压、温度压力补偿、不同状态间的转换和参数的计算求出最佳的最适合煤气运用的方案。     

Urban density and pupil attainment

We explore the association between urban density and pupil attainment using three cohorts of pupils in schooling in England. Although—as widely recognised—attainment in dense urban places is low on average, this is not because urban environments disadvantage pupils, but because the most disadvantaged pupils with low average attainments attend the most urbanised schools. To control for this, we exploit changes in urban density faced by pupils during compulsory transition from Primary to Secondary school, and measure educational progress at the end of the Secondary phase, relative to attainment at the end of Primary schooling. Our results suggest that there are small but significant benefits from education in schools in more densely urbanised settings. We detect this density advantage even amongst pupils moving relatively short distances between Primary and Secondary schools within urban areas, so we cannot attribute it to broad urbanisation effects experienced by pupils making rural–urban school moves. A more likely explanation lies in greater school choice and competition between closely co-located educational providers.     

Educational gender gaps

Cross-country studies reveal two consistent gender gaps in education—underachievement in school by boys and low rates of participation in STEM studies by girls. Recent economics research has shown the importance of social influences on women's STEM avoidance, but male low achievement has been less-studied and tends to be attributed to behavior problems and deficient non-cognitive skills. I revisit the determinants of the gender gap in U.S. educational attainment with a relatively-advantaged sample of young men and women and find that school behavior and measured skills are not very important drivers of gender differences, particularly in the transition to college. Educational aspirations, on the other hand, are strongly predictive of educational gaps and the gender difference in aspirations cannot be explained, even with rich adolescent data that includes parental expectations and school achievement indicators. These results suggest that gender identity concerns may influence (and damage) the educational prospects of boys as well as girls through norms of masculinity that discourage academic achievement.     

Measuring Achievement and Shortfall Improvements in a Consistent Way

In measuring improvements over time of bounded variables, one can focus on achievements or shortfalls. However, rankings of alternative social states in terms of achievements and shortfalls do not necessarily mirror one another. We characterize axiomatically different families of achievement and shortfall improvement indices, and present the necessary and sufficient conditions under which they rank social states in a consistent way. Empirical illustrations using child mortality data from South Africa suggest that consistency between achievement and shortfall improvements in standards of living is not only a matter of theoretical import but is also a problem that can be encountered in practice to a large extent.     

智能产业创新系统运行机制及其对中国的启示 ——基于贝尔谢巴先进科技园区网络安全产业创新系统运行机制的价值网络分析

智能产业创新系统具有一套实现技术创新、促进成果转化的有效机制,包括多元创新主体相互作用和协同,共同实现产业技术创新;产业创新系统内的知识交流、溢出成为实现产业技术创新的基础与条件;制度、规则等为产业技术创新提供强有力的保障.本文基于价值网络分析法,具体剖析以色列贝尔谢巴先进科技园区网络安全产业创新系统的运行机制,包括以大学为枢纽形成多方参与主体协同创新的系统机制、政府投资和社会投资对创新创业风险形成有效分担机制、军事资源对科技创新成果转化和创新创业活动的催化机制等.以色列网络安全产业创新系统运行机制对中国构建和完善智能产业运行机制具有重要的借鉴意义,包括:强化技术创新的系统观念,加快构建不同产业的技术创新体系;完善产业创新系统的金融分担体系;充分发挥政府在产业创新中的重要作用;强化大学在产业创新系统中的重要作用;加大产业创新系统中的军民融合和成果相互转化;加快构建智能经济条件下的新型产业创新系统.     

浙江地勘单位企业化改革的实践与探索

文章分析了地勘单位转企改制的现实起点、认识基础;总体介绍了浙江地勘单位企业化改革的运作和初步成效;总结了改革实践与探索中的启示、体会.     

知识型员工动态绩效测评系统

基于知识型员工为企业最重要的人力资源这一特点,对其综合工作业绩和能力、个性品质和素质的测评,应采用多级模糊综合评价模型设计动态绩效测评指标体系。     

技术成果的技术效能综合评价

为了促进技术成果转化为现实生产力从而实现创新驱动发展,有必要对技术成果的综合价值进行准确测度.但基于微观数据的针对特定技术成果的综合评价研究较为少见.本文提出了基于"技术效能"的综合评价指标体系,并分别采用序关系分析法和对数函数法对指标做加权处理.实证分析表明,技术效能模型可有效测度技术成果综合价值,但两种权数处理方法所得结果之间存在差异.最后本文分析了差异产生原因,并提出了应用建议.     

基于交易成本理论的工程合同类型与交易成本探讨

工程合同类型选择问题在工程实践中研究较为广泛,然而对于该问题的更深层次的探讨,特别是在经济学领域的探索却相对较少。在经济学理论影响社会显著发展的当今,应用经济学理论探讨社会经济问题是十分必要的。论文以新制度经济学中交易成本理论研究成果为基础,通过对交易成本的重新理解,分析其与不同合同类型问的联系,得到具有一定指导性的结论,有助于进一步研究和探索。