作业成本法(ABC)在工程项目成本管理中的应用

指出目前中国工程项目成本管理中存在的不足,提出将作业成本法理论应用于工程项目成本管理,并举例说明,还对作业成本法和传统的成本管理方法加以对比,说明了作业成本法的先进性。     

Confirming the timing of phase-based costing in oncology studies: a case example in advanced melanoma

Aims: The utilization of healthcare services and costs among patients with cancer is often estimated by the phase of care: initial, interim, or terminal. Although their durations are often set arbitrarily, we sought to establish data-driven phases of care using joinpoint regression in an advanced melanoma population as a case example.

Methods: A retrospective claims database study was conducted to assess the costs of advanced melanoma from distant metastasis diagnosis to death during January 2010–September 2014. Joinpoint regression analysis was applied to identify the best-fitting points, where statistically significant changes in the trend of average monthly costs occurred. To identify the initial phase, average monthly costs were modeled from metastasis diagnosis to death; and were modeled backward from death to metastasis diagnosis for the terminal phase. Points of monthly cost trend inflection denoted ending and starting points. The months between represented the interim phase.

Results: A total of 1,671 patients with advanced melanoma who died met the eligibility criteria. Initial phase was identified as the 5-month period starting with diagnosis of metastasis, after which there was a sharp, significant decline in monthly cost trend (monthly percent change [MPC]?=?–13.0%; 95% CI?=?–16.9% to –8.8%). Terminal phase was defined as the 5-month period before death (MPC?=?–14.0%; 95% CI?=?–17.6% to –10.2%).

Limitations: The claims-based algorithm may under-estimate patients due to misclassifications, and may over-estimate terminal phase costs because hospital and emergency visits were used as a death proxy. Also, recently approved therapies were not included, which may under-estimate advanced melanoma costs.

Conclusions: In this advanced melanoma population, optimal duration of the initial and terminal phases of care was 5 months immediately after diagnosis of metastasis and before death, respectively. Joinpoint regression can be used to provide data-supported phase of cancer care durations, but should be combined with clinical judgement.     

Ethnic segmentation in leisure time activities in Estonia

This paper examines the differences between the leisure time activities of members of the minority and majority populations of Estonia. Because people only meet when they undertake similar activities, it is important for social cohesion to identify the kinds of activities that different ethnic groups engage in during their free time. The data for this study were obtained from the Estonian Time Use Surveys of 2000 and 2010. In this paper, we analyse rates of participation in various cultural events, entertainment activities, outdoor recreation and sport. Our analysis reveals important ethnic differences in almost all leisure activities that partly stem from the uneven distribution of minorities over settlement types. Less than half of the differences relate to socio-economic status and individual wealth. The rest of ethnic segmentation in leisure activities can be attributed to preferences, differential residential patterns of ethnic groups over Estonia’s regions and the feeling of being a stranger in leisure time places where other ethnic groups are already over-represented.     

中日商业银行财务机构设置模式比较

本文对日本丰田汽车公司的目标成本规划作了较详细的剖析 ,讨论了日本丰田汽车公司目标成本规划的形成和发展过程 ,总结日本丰田汽车公司的经验 ,并探讨了该经验对我国企业的启示。     

基于时间与作业成本的物流成本核算模型与方法

在物流作业成本法的基础上,加进了基于物流时间的物流成本核算方法,构建了物流成本核算的T-A模型。试图通过基于时间与作业相结合的物流成本核算模型与方法,对企业物流成本进行管理,以进一步挖掘物流隐性成本,为企业降低成本提高利润提供新的途径和思路。     

资源消耗会计

成本会计改革的难题在于成本费用的分配机制。建立在动因分析基础上的作业驱动成本管理方法正面临诸多困境,以资源为导向的成本管理制度以其自身的优势推动着成本会计向前发展。     

中外石油天然气行业会计准则的对比

针对石油天然气行业的特点,许多国家制定了本国的石油天然气准则。本文对比分析了国际财务报告准则、美国和我国石油天然气会计准则的内容,就我国石油天然气会计准则的进一步完善提出了几点建议。     

北京华人物流公司包装作业中心成本分析及优化建议

结合物流成本的特征,主要对北京华人物流公司的包装作业中心进行成本研究,通过运用ABC作业成本法,以成本动因来确认和计算作业量,以作业量来分配在各包装基本作业中所发生的直接费用与间接费用,对包装作业中心的基本作业进行成本核算,进而研究整个包装作业中心的总成本,探寻降低企业包装成本的方法,提出相关优化建议。