关于青少年网络成瘾的内涵、诊断和治疗

青少年网络成瘾一直是国内外学者研究的重点。作者在国内外有关研究的基础上,对青少年网络成瘾的原因、诊断和治疗进行了探讨,并针对这些问题提出思想政治教育法,认知行为疗法,解决焦点短期疗法,药物、心理干预综合疗法。     

大学生网络成瘾调查研究

了解大学生网络成瘾的情况,探讨不同人口学变量与网络成瘾的关系。方法:采用随机整群抽样的方法,选择福建江夏学院的380名大学生,采用中文网络成瘾量表修订版((CIAS-R)和自编的大学生人口学变量及其相关信息调查表,对所有被试进行集中测试。结果:大学生网络成瘾的发生率为10.9%;大学生网络成瘾发生率随性别、专业、亲子关系、上网地点、上网时间的不同而差异显著(p<0.05);结论:在预防和干预大学生的网络成瘾时,应考虑个体的人口学特征。     

Heroin Consumption,Prices and Addiction: Evidence from Self‐reported Panel Data*

Estimation models of drug demand should encompass the aspect of addiction. Here, we consider two static panel data regression models and two cross‐section models with lags or leads in drug consumption as additional regressors. Heroin injectors attending a needle exchange service in Oslo were interviewed twice, with a one‐year interval. Despite our relatively small sample, we obtain statistically significant price and income responses for nearly all of the models and specifications applied. The sample is split by dealing status, with dealers obtaining price elasticities in the range of [?0.15, ?1.51] and non‐dealers [?0.71, ?1.69]. Somewhat surprisingly, the estimates of the variance of the latent individual‐specific variable are rather low in the panel data models, although higher for non‐dealers than for dealers.     

品牌社群影响品牌忠诚的作用机理研究——基于超然消费体验的分析视角

传统观点认为满意和价值是驱动品牌忠诚的前置变量。然而,在当今与消费者联系的时代,这种观点有些滞后。本文在已有研究的基础上,探索并提出了超越满意—忠诚模式的新路径。本研究在品牌社群情境下,基于超然消费体验的分析视角,采用实地调研、文献研究和实证研究相结合的方法,揭示出品牌社群影响品牌忠诚的作用机理。结果表明:超然消费体验对品牌忠诚具有显著的正向影响作用,而品牌依恋和品牌成瘾性在二者间起到正向媒介作用。其中,品牌依恋在超然消费体验和品牌成瘾性之间起媒介作用;品牌依恋对品牌忠诚具有直接和间接的影响作用。品牌成瘾性在品牌依恋和品牌忠诚之间起到了部分媒介作用。最后,作者探讨了本研究的理论意义和实践价值。     

The role of mental health and addiction among high-cost patients: a population-based study

Aims: Previous work found that, among high-cost patients, those with a majority of mental health and addiction (MHA)-related costs (>50%) incur over 30% more costs than other high-cost patients. However, this work did not examine other high-cost patients in depth or whether they had any MHA-related costs. The objective of this analysis was to examine the role of MHA-related care among other high-cost patients.

Methods: Using administrative healthcare data from Ontario, Canada, this study selected all patients in the 90th percentile of the cost distribution in 2012. It focused primarily on two groups based on the percentage of MHA-related costs relative to total costs: (1) high-cost patients with some MHA-related costs (0%?>?and <50%) and (2) high-cost patients with no MHA-related costs (0%). We examined socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, utilization and costs for both groups, and modeled patient-level costs using appropriate regression techniques. We also compared these groups with high-cost patients with a majority of MHA-related costs (>50%).

Results: High-cost patients with some MHA-related costs incurred over 40% more costs than those without ($27,883 vs $19,702). Patients with some MHA-related costs were older, lived in poorer neighborhoods, and had higher levels of comorbidity compared to those without. After controlling for relevant variables, having any type of MHA-related utilization increased costs by $2,698. Having a diagnosis of psychosis had a large impact on costs.

Limitations: This study did not examine children and adolescents. We were only able to account for 91% of all costs incurred by the public third-party payer; addiction-related costs from community-based agencies were not available.

Conclusions: High-cost patients with MHA incur higher costs compared to those without. When considering interventions aimed at high-cost patients, policy-makers should consider their complex nature, specifically both their physical and MHA-related comorbidities.     

Individual self-control and collective outcomes: An examination of cigarette addiction and taxes

Can individual self-control problems affect policy variables? And if so, through what type of channels? Building on recent literature in political economy, we explore a specific channel that allows for links between individual addiction and state taxes. We develop a theoretical lobbying model to explain the role of addiction in the political process of cigarette taxation. Our model shows that equilibrium cigarette taxes are determined by the average addiction level in society, corruption, and their interaction. Our results suggest a potential impact of individual self-control issues in the process of government policy.     

Young adults' online shopping addiction: The role of self-regulation and smartphone use

Online shopping addiction can be defined as an Internet-based behavioural addiction which may lead to economic problems. Even though shopping is increasingly common through mobile devices, the effects of smartphone use on online shopping addiction are underexamined. Following a survey of 1000 18 to 29-year-olds in Finland, we examined young adults' online shopping addiction and economic problems from the perspective of self-regulation and problems in regulating smartphone use. The results indicated that low self-regulation in an online environment facilitates online shopping addiction, which further leads to dissatisfaction toward personal money management through indebtedness. Moreover, we illustrated how distractive stimuli of digital environments can act as primers for addiction by showing how problems in regulating smartphone use facilitates online shopping addiction for young adults with generally low self-regulation. We conclude our article by offering guidance on how the teaching of self-regulatory strategies as well as financial and information communications technology skills may decrease the tendency for online shopping addiction.