Timing of Public Information and Cost Reduction

Received July 31, 2000; revised version received July 18, 2001     

Racing in two dimensions

In this paper we study an industry in which there is an ongoing sequence of R&D races between two firms. Firms are engaged in product innovation. Products are horizontally and vertically differentiated. There are two key characteristics/dimensions to products, and the level at which these are embodied in products can be increased by R&D. At each time firms can spend R&D on improving their product in one or both dimensions. We allow the possibility of economies scope — so R&D undertaken in one dimension can spillover to the other. The question we are interested in is whether a firm that is ahead in a single dimension but behind in another will focus all its R&D effort in the area in which it is ahead (product specialisation), or whether it will try to do R&D in both dimensions in the hope that it might get ahead in both and end up with a superproduct that dominates in both characteristics. The outcome of this R&D competition determines a Markov transition probability matrix determining the evolution of the industry. We show that when the R&D technology is characterized by constant returns then the only steady-state outcome is one in which the economy stays forever in a position in which one firm produces a super-product and the other gives up doing R&D altogether. This outcome is unaffected by the degree of economies of scope. When the R&D technology is characterised by decreasing returns, then the industry will visit all states and so will exhibit both product specialisation and superproduct dominance at various times. Now the extent of economies of scope matters and we show that the greater the extent of economies of scope, the less likely is the industry to exhibit product dominance, and the more likely it is to exhibit product specialisation.     

技术引进、研发外溢和二次创新

本文利用专利竞赛模型 ( patent race) ,探讨技术引进及其二次创新活动中技术引进费用与自身应用性研发投入的关系以及二次创新速度和市场均衡时参与该竞赛的厂商数目的决定。同时也分析了研发外溢效应对模型的冲击。文章的主要结论是 :技术引进与自身应用性研发投入是互补抑或替代关系需视两者相对大小而定。双方的关系呈现阶段性变化。此外 ,随外溢效应的增强 ,整个参与竞赛的厂商数目和厂商应用性研发投入水平均趋于下降 ,但是整个社会引进技术的二次创新速度却趋于加快     

原始创新与区域发展

原始创新是我国新世纪科技发展的战略新思想.采取定性与定量相结合的方法,着重对区域进行原始创新的可行性和显著效应进行了深入探讨,并提出了相应的发展策略.     

试论生态旅游的绿色技术创新

如何在发展生态旅游的同时,实现经济、社会及环境效益的协调,是生态旅游发展过程中面临的一个重要课题,而在生态旅游中实施绿色技术创新乃是发展生态健康旅游的关键.     

顺德市农村管理体制改革实践的理论分析

本文论述了顺德市农村管理体制创新的四个方面的内容 :村域中心化 ;村制向市制转变 ;股权固化和资产量化 ;村委会职能的转变。通过改革 ,顺德市农村管理体制实现了体制城市化、产权市场化和资源集约化     

制约我国中小企业自主创新的法律因素及立法建议

改革开放以来，我国中小企业数量激增，涉及行业不断扩大，同时现行法律法规中对中小企业自主创新的诸多制约因素也日益凸现。剔除这些制约因素，构建一个和谐的法律支撑体系，是我国中小企业可持续、健康快速发展的保证。     

技术创新项目风险分析与综合评价

文章分析了企业技术创新项目的风险因素,在此基础上设置了风险评价指标体系,建立了模糊评判模型,对企业技术创新风险进行了科学评价,并能定量地衡量企业关于某个项目的技术创新风险大小,为企业技术创新决策和采取风险控制措施提供了依据。     

中国汽车产业自主创新战略研究

自主创新战略已经成为新时期中国汽车产业发展的核心战略。在世界汽车产业全球化的背景下,中国汽车产业的自主创新既有机遇又有威胁,既有优势又有劣势。中国汽车产业要成功实施自主创新战略,就要在技术创新、组织创新、管理创新等方面采取行之有效的措施,才能真正实现从汽车大国向汽车强国转变的战略目标。     

中原城市群城市化水平与创新能力协调发展研究

经济全球化和区域经济一体化背景下,区域竞争与技术创新日益聚焦于大中城市,创新是城市的灵魂,并引导城市的发展;同时,城市作为创新的"神经中枢",只有区域城市化水平达到一定的层次,相应的创新才会产生.二者的关系在于城市通过物质和能量的输入对创新起塑造作用,而创新则通过物质与能量的输出,对城市具有反作用.城市与创新的相互作用,具体表现为以时空为参照系、城市化水平与创新能力相互作用的界面特征.基于上述理论,运用相关分析、熵权分析和层次分析等方法,对中原城市群9个省辖市的城市化水平和创新能力状况作了综合评价,并在综合和分组两个层面对二者协调关系进行了定量分析.