Till Death Do Us Part or I Get My Pension? Wives' Pension Holding and Marital Dissolution in the United States

Wives' financial independence gained from their pension may increase the risk of marital dissolution, especially when wives are approaching retirement age (the older wives' independence hypothesis). Applying single and simultaneous equations probit models to data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we investigate the effect of wives' pension holding in 1984 on the risk of subsequent marital dissolution. Results from the single equation model appear to support the older wives' independence hypothesis. However, results from the simultaneous equations model suggest that interpreting the single equation results as a sign of older wives' economic independence may be misleading.
JEL classification : C 33; D 31; J 12; J 32     

世界养老保险制度改革趋势分析

人口老龄化导致的公共财政养老金支付压力是引起养老保险制度改革的直接动因。养老保险制度改革有的是结构性改革,有的是参数改革,但参数改革一般是在养老保险制度结构比较成熟的基础上进行的。虽然目前许多国家养保险制度改革并不同步,但参数改革代表了养老保险制度改革未来的基本发展趋势。参数改革的立足点是开源节流,增收节支,寻求国家、企业、个人和社会责任的合理分配。同时,养老保险制度改革还必须适应世界经济全球化和地区经济一体化的发展要求。     

中国人口老龄化对人身保险市场发展的影响分析——基于省际面板数据的经验分析

本文基于我国30个省、市、自治区(除西藏外)1997年～2008年度面板数据,运用面板回归的计量分析方法,对中国老龄化背景下人身保险市场的发展情况进行了研究.中国人口老龄化的到来,为人身保险市场的发展既创造了机遇,也带来了挑战,本文经过反复的实验估计,认为老龄化对人身保险市场的推动作用要大于其阻碍作用,并且老龄化程度越...     

中国养老保险制度改革的政策选择——老龄化、城市化、全球化的视角

中国的养老保险制度改革不仅要考虑到人口老龄化的挑战,还需看到经济全球化提出的要求,以及城市化带来的机遇。本文基于详实的数据和深入的前期研究,指出中国的养老保险制度改革仍然具有一些独特的空间,包括老年劳动参与的提高,劳动生产率的提升,养老保险覆盖面的扩大,保险基金投资回报率的提高等。中国的老龄化发生在经济发展水平相对较低的阶段,在经济全球化时代,需要权衡缴费率和国际竞争力之间的矛盾。与人口老龄化相伴随的是城市化,将农村转移劳动力纳入城镇社会保障体系可以在较长时间内改变体系的负担率,同时农村老年人口绝对数量的下降,也可为政府补贴增长提供条件。长期而言,老龄化社会的养老能力根本上取决于劳动生产率的不断提高。     

几种纤维的老化特性分析

研究不同纤维的老化现象,得出纤维的降解老化性能差别很大,随着环保意识的提高,不易在自然环境中降解和生物分解的材料应控制生产和使用。环境友好的天然纤维和再生纤维通常对环境影响小,可循环利用,提倡首先使用;而化学合成纤维和化学无机纤维将对环境造成危害,甚至在酸碱热等环境中都不会降解,且原料资源有限,应选择性使用。     

浅谈如何实现健康老龄化

我国老年人口占全球老年人口总量的1/5,解决这样庞大的老年人问题,必将在全球产生深远的影响。联合国明确提出,将健康老龄化作为全球解决老龄问题的奋斗目标。老有所乐是实现健康老龄化的精神保障,要创造温馨氛围、发展老年教育、实现老人价值、开辟消费市场等让老人快乐。老有所养是实现健康老龄化的物质基础,这就牵涉到养老金、谁来养和怎么养等系列问题。     

Migration,population aging,and income inequality in China

In this study, we examine the effects of four demographic factors, namely, birth, death, natural aging, and net migration, on population aging and income inequality in China. We use the official Chinese data and the China Household Income Project Survey data for the 2007–2013 period and apply a decomposition model based on the Shapley method. Unlike previous studies, we include migration in our decomposition model and find that natural aging is the primary factor contributing to population aging in both urban and rural areas. Further, migration may accelerate population aging in rural areas. Moreover, migration contributes to reducing income inequality in urban areas, while widening income inequality in rural areas. The effect of migration is larger than those of birth, death, and natural aging on income inequality. The robustness checks confirm these conclusions.     

Age as double‐edged sword among victims of customer mistreatment: A self‐esteem threat perspective

Service workers are expected to maintain high‐quality service delivery despite customer mistreatment—the poor‐quality treatment of service workers by customers—which can be demeaning and threatening to self‐esteem. Although service work is increasingly delivered by middle‐aged and older workers, very little is known about how employees across the age range navigate abuse from customers on the job. Does advancing age help or hinder service performance in reaction to customer mistreatment? Drawing on strength and vulnerability integration theory, we proposed that age paradoxically both helps and hinders performance after customer mistreatment, albeit at different stages. We tested our proposed model in a two‐sample field investigation of service workers and their supervisors using a time‐lagged, dyadic design. Results showed that age heightens the experience of self‐esteem threat but, nevertheless, dampens reactions to self‐esteem threat, leading to divergent effects on performance at different stages. Implications for age and service work, as well as aging and the sense of self, are discussed.     

Aging Workforce,Firm Productivity and Labor Costs in Korea: Are Older Workers Costly to Firms?

Are older workers costly to firms? This study aims to investigate the relationship between an aging workforce on firm productivity and labor costs using a unique Korean firm‐level panel dataset (WPS) covering the period from 2007 to 2011. The primary results show no evidence of a negative relationship between the proportion of older workers and firm productivity, and no significant relationship between the proportion of older workers and labor costs. In addition, the findings of this study implies that failure to account for unobserved firm heterogeneity and endogeneity of changes in age structure biases the results toward finding a correlation between the age structure of workers and firm productivity and labor costs. Consequently, there is a tendency to underestimate the true value of older workers for firms.     

甘肃老龄产业发展的具体策略研究

人口老龄化是一个世界性的问题。人口老龄化，不但养老金支出要增加，医疗保险金支出会迅速增加，同时其他社会负担也将成倍扩大。大力发展老龄产业，是我国积极应对和解决人口老龄化的重要措施之一，是坚持“四个全面发展”的客观要求，是保持我国经济社会协调发展和构建和谐社会的必然选择，有利于保障和改善民生，促进经济社会持续健康全面发展。