国家公园划定荒野保护区的意义与方法

世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)把荒野保护地列入保护 级别最高的一类保护地,荒野体验是游憩体验最高级别的体验 形式。世界各国荒野保护地实际存在形式大致分独立型和合 并型2类。划定荒野保护区是荒野价值研究成果的重要应用实 践,这是中国国家公园体制建设向深层次发展的重要方向。核 心保护区与荒野保护区对应IUCN保护地分类体系中的Ia、Ib 保护地,这样既可以同国际接轨,又解决了国内国家公园生态 保护管控与人类活动的矛盾问题。国家公园突出荒野保护理念 既建立了国家公园与社会的情感联系,强化了国家公园的社会 文化认同,又彰显了国家公园人与自然和谐共生的绿色发展理 念。栖息地适宜性评价与行为分析法是划定荒野保护区的重要 方法,通过栖息地适宜性评价建立国家公园生态环境谱系,在 生态环境谱系基础上通过行为交互作用分析建立游憩机会谱系 与社区村落谱系。荒野保护区整合了三大谱系,建构了以荒野 保护区为主体的管理分区体系,把各个功能区有机组织起来, 形成结构有序、自然共生的人地耦合复杂生态系统。     

严查行贿犯罪之实体进路

行贿直接诱发受贿．是腐败产生的温床,严查行贿犯罪是当前我国遏制腐败的必然要求。从实体法上解决查处行贿犯罪面临的“瓶颈”问题是刑法本身的社会性、刑事程序的僵化性、配套法律的欠缺性和国际条约的普适性之必然选择。为此,我们应该围绕严查的标准和需求,检视现行实体法存在的诸多不足,在此基础上,从罪与刑两个方面共同着力,既要严密法网,扩大行为犯罪化,加大追诉力度,又要疏缓刑罚,实现犯罪轻刑化,增加侦破几率．以此切实达到严查行贿犯罪之目的。     

电子线路计算机辅助设计Protel DXP2004教学心得浅谈

计算机的发展以及应用领域的不断扩大,为电路设计提供了强大支持。Protel DXP 2004这一软件在工程设计和学校教学过程中应用极为广泛,为了让学生更好的掌握这一软件,我们在教学中采用任务教学法。     

企业管理信息系统组件化分析与设计

企业决策所面临的信息孤岛问题已成为现代信息管理的瓶颈,从而引出信息集成技术理念。信息资源是企业管理信息系统的重要组成之一,采用组件方法完成企业管理信息系统的信息资源分析与设计,可以提高企业管理信息系统的重用性、可替换性,能低成本且快速开发及整合与扩展企业管理信息系统。     

Assessing fishers' empowerment in inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh

The Community Based Fisheries Management (CBFM) approach has made a significant contribution towards improvement of fishers' empowerment of inland openwater fisheries in Bangladesh aiming to manage their resources efficiently. This arrangement introduced CBFM approaches named fisher-led, community-led and women-led approach. A wider range of local institutional arrangements as community based organizations (CBOs) have been established through participatory process with legal entity. Now, the CBOs as local institutions and fishers are more empowered in participation of fishery management under co-management arrangement. The study reveals that there is still lack of institutional arrangement to be achieved at optimum level. This paper presents and assesses the empowerment status of the fisher communities in inland openwater fisheries under co-management arrangement in Bangladesh through Factor analysis and regression model. This study might have policy implication to replicate the community based fishery management approach to promote empowerment for better management.     

江西省产业部门碳排放特征及减排途径——基于1992-2007年投入产出分析

根据江西省1992—2007年投入产出表,运用投入产出模型,对江西省产业部门直接碳排放强度和完全碳排放强度进行测算和分析。结果表明：产业部门的直接碳排放强度和完全碳排放强度的排序不一致,产业部门的向后关联效应所引发的隐含碳排放影响极大。然后,根据直接碳排放强度和完全碳排放强度对产业部门进行分类,将产业部门划分为高碳排放部门、隐含高碳排放部门和低碳排放部门,并对不同类型产业部门碳排放特征进行分析。在此基础上提出控制高碳排放部门的能源消耗,优化隐含高碳排放部门的中间投入以及合理协调发展低碳排放产业的政策建议,以期为江西省节能减排政策的制定提供决策参考。     

Why the Generalized Bass Model leads to odd optimal advertising policies

We show that the optimal advertising strategy under the Generalized Bass Model (GBM) involves beginning at an extremely low level (the lower the better) and then increasing spending throughout the planning period. This strategy remains optimal in the presence of decreasing prices that affect both margins and diffusion speed. We provide a simple explanation for why this happens. We further show that the intuitively appealing patterns of continuous decrease or increase-then-decrease (both with an uptick towards the end) identified in earlier research are also possible as optimal dynamic advertising paths under the GBM structure, but only if the advertising at launch is constrained to be higher than a particular threshold, which we identify. The constraint necessary to generate intuitively appealing strategies lowers overall profits. Therefore, the GBM generates advertising policy recommendations that most marketers would deem odd. This casts doubt on the value of the GBM for normative purposes. Other existing diffusion models are preferred when seeking normative guidance on optimal dynamic advertising policies for new products subject to word of mouth.     

Fostering international brand loyalty through committed and attached relationships

The relationship-building approach, focused on the building of brand-to-consumer relationships conducive to brand loyalty formation, has become an extensively investigated topic in international brand management studies. However, the theoretical development of this approach manifests obvious diversities, causing managerial uncertainty about how to take appropriate strategic actions to put the relationship-building approach to best use. The current study, orchestrating the main concepts derived from three relationship-building paradigms with necessary adaptations and modifications, develops and validates the Relationship-Building for Strategic Brand Management Model. Its most noteworthy contribution lies in the coalescence of pragmatic utilitarianism, emotionalism and social symbolism, orienting the relationship-building approach to correspond to the principle of holistic consumer experience management. As explicated by the model, committed and attached relationships built upon the relationship foundation mirroring the holistic essentiality of holistic consumer experience are convertible into powerful driver of international brand loyalty. The model structure and causal path pattern prove to be applicable to different international product brand categories in different regions. Strategic implications are deduced from the research findings, which the international brand manager may take into consideration to maximize the effectiveness of relationship-building strategies for fostering brand loyalty in the international market.     

国际金融课程教学改革研究与实践

国际金融课程的内容特点、教学现状以及应用型人才培养的要求,决定了国际金融课程教学只有重新整合教学内容,改革和创新教学方法,采用多种教学手段及形式,改革教学考核方式,才能很好地完成预期的教学目标。     

结合教学案例探析情境教学法在大学英语教学中的应用

本文首先探讨了情境教学法的理论依据、功能、使用原则和方法,然后结合教学案例和问卷调查重点分析了情境教学法在大学英语教学中的实际应用、教学效果以及在教学中需要注意的问题,认为情境性教学法能够提高学生的学习兴趣、学习效果和学习能力,是比较适合基于计算机网络和课堂的现代大学英语教学模式。