审计风险模式的演变及风险导向审计的新发展

随着社会经济的发展和企业经营的复杂化,传统风险导向审计方法已经难以适应社会的需要,现代风险导向审计应运而生。本文从审计风险模式的演变入手,从审计准则和审计实务两个方面介绍了风险导向审计的最新发展,并在此基础上提出对我国的启示和借鉴之处。     

The Unintended Consequences of the Frequency of PCAOB Inspection

After more than 50 years of self‐regulation of the US auditing profession, the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) created the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) as a quasi‐governmental entity with statutory authority to inspect accounting firms that audit public clients. The frequency of this inspection is annual or triennial, based upon the number of public clients the firm audits. We examine the effects of these two levels of inspection frequency on financial reporting quality and audit fees for clients of small and midsize public accounting firms. Our findings provide evidence of significantly higher audit quality and audit fees for clients of annually inspected firms relative to clients of triennially inspected firms. These findings are robust to auditor‐client alignment analyses, propensity score matching, time‐series analyses, examination of firms that have changed from triennial to annual inspection, and particular examination of firms with inspection deficiencies. Overall, our study suggests that the two‐tier frequency system of PCAOB inspection may have also resulted in two‐tier audit quality and audit fee systems for small and midsize public accounting firms, with more frequent inspection leading to more rigorous and informed auditor decisions. We discuss the implications of our results for the Board and the profession at large.     

Balance sheet conservatism and audit reporting conservatism

Financial reports are prepared on a going‐concern (GC) basis rather than a liquidation basis even when companies are highly distressed. This allows distressed companies to report book values of assets that greatly exceed their liquidation values, implying a lack of conservatism in the balance sheet. We argue that auditors issue going‐concern opinions in order to warn investors about this lack of balance sheet conservatism. This argument leads to two testable hypotheses. First, for companies that are at risk of bankruptcy, auditors are more likely to issue GC opinions when the book values of assets under the GC assumption are high relative to the expected liquidation values of assets (i.e., when the GC assumption causes the balance sheet to lack conservatism). Second, for companies that enter bankruptcy, the issuance of a prior GC opinion has predictive information content with respect to the wedge between the book values of assets and the future liquidation values of those same assets. Our results strongly support both hypotheses. The findings are important because they indicate that conservative audit reporting helps to compensate for a lack of conservatism in the balance sheet, which arises because the GC assumption permits the book values of assets to exceed their liquidation values.     

推行精细化管理 提高内部审计效能

全面推行工程项目精细化管理,对于建筑施工企业的发展具有重大的意义,随着精细化管理逐步展开,对内部审计工作也提出了更为严格的要求。     

市政工程造价预结算审核要点与解决对策

在市政工程造价管理和质量控制过程中,相关单位必须重视预结算审核工作,即严格按照我国相关法律法规和相关要求,对预结算加以全面核算,及时发现预结算中存在的问题,且严格监控整个市政工程的建设过程,对市政工程进行科学合理的目标管理,从而有效保证市政工程建设的正常开展。本文主要阐述市政工程造价预结算审核要点,并结合存在的问题提出切实可行的解决对策。     

高职院校《铁路线路与站场》课程建设思考

根据我国高等职业教育"以能力培养为主导"的教育方针,铁路高职院校开设《铁路线路与站场》课程也应积极做出调整,进行课程的改革建设,使课程更贴近铁路现场实际,更符合工作岗位职业能力的要求。对此,本文阐述了课程建设的几点思考。     

高职《电子技能拓展与创新》课程教学特色与效果

《电子技能拓展与创新》是北京经济管理职业学院设置的一门专业特色课程,该课程将理论知识与职业技能融合为一体,打破原有课程知识框架,着眼于拓展学生视野,提高技能水平和创新能力,在教学中收到了良好的效果。     

Core Requirements for the Economics Major

In this article, the authors are the first to describe the core economics curriculum requirements for economics majors at all American colleges and universities, as opposed to a sample of institutions. Not surprisingly, principles of economics is nearly universally required and implemented as a two-semester course in 85 percent of economics major programs. Most schools do not prescribe the order in which the principles sequence is taken. The intermediate courses are commonly required, although variation exists across institution types. While the quantitative requirement for the major has increased since 1980, significant differences exist among institutions and by academic rankings. As compared to 1950, there has been an increase in the number of required economics credit hours for the major.     

《运输作业》课程内容设计与实施

《运输作业》是物流服务与管理专业系列课程中的重要内容之一,该课程体现企业工作岗位与课程任务相对接,工作过程与教学过程相对接,以任务驱动为手段,力争把学生培养为技能型物流人才。     

基于工作过程的课程开发与实践--以高职《数据库技术与应用》课程为例

基于工作过程导向的课程开发是当前高等职业教育改革的方向，文章结合实际教学经验总结了基于工作过程导向的高职《数据库技术与应用》课程开发与实践的方案。