Economic development lessons from and for North American Indian economies*

This paper reviews the literature on economic development as it relates to indigenous people in the United States and Canada, and focuses on how institutions affect economic development of reservation and reserve economies. Evidence shows that strong property rights to reservation and reserve land and natural resources, whether communal or individual, are and always have been important determinants of productivity. Political and legal institutions that are perceived as stable and predictable to tribal members and to non‐Natives also improve economic opportunities for indigenous people living on reservations and reserves. Research reviewed here also shows that culture and acculturation are important in the development process. Although our emphasis is on North America, the findings are applicable to indigenous people in other parts of the world and shed light on growth questions that loom large for developing countries around the world.     

Ethics in Global Business and in a Plural Society

The contemporary confluence of globalization and ethical pluralism is at the origin of many ethical challenges that confront business nowadays, both in practice and in theory. One of the challenges arising from the development of globalization has to do with respect for cultural diversity. It is often said that the success of economic globalization tends towards social and cultural homogeneity. To the extent that cultural diversity is usually seen as a valuable reality, that global trend seems to contradict our efforts to respect ethical pluralism, both personal and cultural, within society. In this paper I argue that (a) ethical minimalism, despite its emphasis on tolerance and justice, does not take pluralism seriously into account in present-day society, and (b) ethical minimalism is not suited to balancing the homogenizing trend of globalization. Certainly ethical norms are necessary, but by no means are they sufficient in themselves to encourage either justice or tolerance; nor are they sufficient to inspire and encourage good practices and sound regulations. Instead, virtue-based ethics has the capacity of inspiring and encouraging good practices. Particularly, virtue-based ethics is able to inspire a serious dialogue about ethical and legal issues both in the public arena and within organizations.     

女性土地权益保障的私法命题

研究目的:真正地实现女性土地权益保障的法治命题。研究方法:用法律社会学的研究方法对女性土地权益易流失进行分析。研究结果:中国集体土地资源的身份化配置、家庭财产的性别化配置和农地流转的再分配配置必然造成女性的土地权益极易被剥夺。研究结论:中国现行的土地立法重行政管理而欠缺民法赋权色彩,为集体和家庭剥夺女性土地权益提供了制度保障,因而需要对其进行私法化改造。     

现阶段我国社会矛盾演变趋势及法治化解决机制研究

当前我国各种社会矛盾频发,给和谐社会构建带来严峻挑战。正确认识和处理转型发展阶段的社会矛盾,是关系改革发展稳定的全局性课题。法治是解决中国社会现实矛盾、维护社会秩序的有效手段。良法善治是现代法治的本质,为解决社会矛盾提供规则体系和制度保障。据此,建立有利于维护社会稳定和解决社会矛盾的法治机制,是对现阶段正确处理社会矛盾作出的理性选择。     

内部控制的有效性影响审计收费吗?——来自中国资本市场的经验证据

研究内部控制对审计收费的影响不但可以了解企业内部控制规范实施的经济后果与技术问题,还可以考察06版审计准则的实施情况。研究发现,内部控制质量与审计收费存在非显著的负相关关系,事务所在打折执行风险导向审计。培养企业对内部控制的内生性需求、建立适应中国国情的内部控制体系刻不容缓。     

对中国人民银行征信法规建设与执法效能的思考

征信法规建设的滞后使得中国人民银行分支机构征信工作缺乏法律依据,一定程度上制约了征信执法效能的发挥。为提高征信执法效能,应进一步完善《征信管理条例》并使之尽早出台,加快制定企业征信方面相关办法、《个人信用信息基础数据库管理办法》实施细则和信用评级方面相关办法等。     

浅谈土地登记信息系统建设研究

完善各项土地登记制度、规范土地登记行为、统一土地登记标准和管理平台,实现省、市、县(市、区)土地登记信息互联互通,为社会提供土地登记信息公开产品和服务。     

协调--科学发展观的精神,经济法的理念

科学发展观的全部内容都贯穿着协调的精神。无论是西方还是中国，经济法的产生和发展都是“市场之手”和“国家之手”协调并用的结果，经济法的功能是综合系统地协调经济社会的发展，是平衡协调法。经济法以人为本，追求人的全面发展。     

领导干部离任环保审计探析

改革开放以来,我国经济济总量和人均GDP实现了质的飞跃.在看到可喜成绩的同时,也应看到不少地区的领导干部存在以环境污染、资源浪费和唯GDP是从的政绩观.在环境保护问题日益突出和领导干部离任审计广泛开展的今天,应与时俱进地推行领导干部离任环保审计,从审计主体、审计原则、审计要素、审计证据和审计信息披露机制等着手,通过领导干部离任环保审计制度的创新来遏制领导干部的短期行为.     

城市化中失地农民权益保障的反思与印证

城市化是广大发展中国家的必然宿命,也是一个国家经济发展水平的重要标志。城市化过程中,失地农民成为一种必然的现象,但是由于制度的不完善和其他原因,失地农民的权益得不到有效的保障,部分失地农民徘徊在城市的边缘,从产权到个人医疗,从子女教育到进城身份认同都存在问题,都没有完善的制度和措施来解决,他们成为又一个弱势群体,在城市化过程中必须以制度为依托,以法律为手段采取措施保护他们的利益,以维护社会的公平和稳定。