盈余管理、关联交易与审计师特征

上市公司利用关联交易进行盈余管理必须得到会计师事务所的"配合"才有可能顺利实施,而与之"配合"的审计师因承担更高的审计风险,必以收取更高的审计费用作为补偿.实证研究表明,关联交易是上市公司盈余管理的重要手段,上市公司关联交易量越大,会计师事务所的品牌、规模越有利于抑制公司盈余管理行为,审计任期过长不利于抑制公司盈余管理行为.上市公司关联交易量越大,就越倾向于选择非国际"四大"和国内非"十大"会计师事务所,即小规模会计师事务所是上市公司的选择目标,因盈余管理进行关联交易的上市公司支付了更高水平的审计费用.     

企业内部审计与外部审计趋同的机理研究

本文以史、论为经纬,以内生变量与外生变量为分析工具,通过推理,提出内部审计与外部审计存在趋同性的观点,揭示审计发展的内在规律,以此为实务部门充分利用内、外部审计的整合发展规律,提高现阶段总体审计质量与公司治理水平提供理论基础。     

论会计师事务所的审计营销组合策略

本文依据市场营销学原理,结合审计业务的特色,从产品、价格、分销和促销四个方面,论述了会计师事务所开拓审计营销的途径和应注意的问题。     

浅论内部审计在企业经营管理中的显凸地位及重要作用

内部审计在企业经营管理中的地位和作用越来越明显,是其他审计形式不可替代的,企业应该要充分发挥其在经济活动中的各项职能作用,为企业的经济建设服务。     

Do firms lease to hedge? CEO risk-taking and operating lease intensity

Operating leases are used extensively for financing, but their ability to separate ownership and use also creates hedging opportunities. We investigate whether firms recognize such opportunities by examining the relation between chief executive officer (CEO) risk-taking incentives and the use of operating leases. Consistent with firms using operating leases to hedge, we find higher CEO risk-taking incentives lower operating lease intensity. To address endogeneity, we use the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 123R as an exogenous shock to option compensation, dynamic panel generalized method of moments, simultaneous equations, and change regressions. Our results are robust to placebo and alternative tests.     

Why do auditors fail? What might work? What won’t?†

Auditing failures and scandals have become commonplace. In response, reformers (including the Kingman Review in the U.K. and a recent report of the U.K.’s Competition and Market Authority) have proposed a variety of remedies, including prophylactic bans on auditors providing consulting services to their clients in the belief that this will minimize the conflicts of interest that produce auditing failures. Although useful, such reforms are already in place to a considerable degree and may have reached the point of diminishing returns. Moreover, this strategy does not address the deeper problem that clients (or their managements) may not want aggressive auditing, but rather prefer a deferential and perfunctory audit. If so, auditors will realize that they are marketing a ‘commodity’ service and cannot successfully compete based on their quality of services. Rationally, they would respond to such a market by seeking to adopt a cost-minimization strategy, competing by reducing the cost of their services and not investing in new technology or higher-priced personnel.

What could change this pattern? Gatekeepers, including auditors, serve investors, but are hired by corporate management. To induce gatekeepers to better serve investors, one needs to reduce the ‘agency costs’ surrounding this relationship by making gatekeepers more accountable to investors. This might be accomplished through litigation (as happens to some degree in the U.S.), but the U.K. and Europe have rules that discourage collective litigation. Thus, a more feasible approach would be to give investors greater ability to select and remove the auditor. This paper proposes a two part strategy to this end: (1) public ‘grading’ of the auditor by the audit regulator in an easily comparable fashion (and with a mandatory grading curve), and (2) enabling a minority of the shareholders (hypothetically, 10%) to propose a replacement auditor for a shareholder vote. It further argues that both activist shareholders and diversified shareholders might support such a strategy and undertake it under different circumstances. Absent such a focus on agency costs, however, reformers are likely only re-arranging the deck chairs on the Titanic.     

非资产型TPL提供者合同仓租赁决策研究

非资产型第三方物流提供者在整合社会资源时,如何做出最优的购买决策是文章研究的主题。文章构建了非资产型第三方物流提供者租赁分包商合同仓的三种决策模型,通过计算比较,认为最有利于非资产型第三方物流提供者的决策是双方不签订框架协议,并由其优先决定仓租面积和合同调整的时间,其次是由分包商优先决定合同调整的时间,但双方不签订框架协议。     

我国政府绩效审计未来发展问题研究

本文在借鉴国外相关研究成果的基础上,充分考虑我国国情,提出了我国政府绩效审计未来战略发展方向,认为我国的政治环境决定了政府绩效审计的路径选择只能是渐进式发展道路;法律环境决定了国家审计署将是绩效审计的主要推动者;经济文化环境决定了我国各地区绩效审计的开展未必完全同步,但均需大力推进;技术手段虽是开展政府绩效审计的必要条件,但并非制约我国政府绩效审计发展的主要因素。     

Is econometrics useful for private policy making? A case study of replacement policy at an auto rental company

The goal of this paper is to illustrate the potential usefulness of econometrics as a tool to assist private policy makers. We provide a case study and detailed econometric analysis of the automobile replacement policy adopted by a large car rental company. Unlike public policy making–where the benefits from using econometric models and “science-based” approaches to policy making are hard to quantify because the outcomes of interest are typically subjective quantities such as “social welfare”–in the case of firms there is an objective, easily quantifiable criterion for judging whether policy A is better than policy B: profits. We introduce and estimate an econometric model of the rental histories of individual cars in the company’s fleet. Via stochastic simulations, we show that the model provides a good approximation to the company’s actual operations. In particular, the econometric model is able to reproduce the extraordinarily high rates of return that the company obtains on its rental cars, with average internal rates of return between purchase and sale of approximately 50%. However, the econometric model can simulate outcomes under a range of counterfactual vehicle replacement policies. We use the econometric model to simulate the profitability of an alternative replacement policy under pessimistic assumptions about the rate maintenance costs would increase and rental rates would have to be decreased if the company were to keep its rental cars longer than it does under the status quo. Depending on the vehicle type, we find that the company’s expected discounted profits would be between 6% to over 140% higher under the suggested alternative operating strategy where vehicles are kept longer and rental rates of older vehicles are discounted to induce customers to rent them. The company found this analysis to be sufficiently convincing that it undertook an experiment to verify the predictions of the econometric model.     

工程机械企业融资租赁风险分析与评价

根据工程机械企业的特点,通过对融资租赁的风险分析,构建了风险预警指标体系。在此基础上,运用多级模糊综合评判法,提出工程机械企业开展融资租赁的风险评价模型。