Towards an understanding of older adult educational tourism through the development of a three-phase integrated framework

As a direct consequence of global ageing patterns, older travellers have become a significant proportion of annual total holiday spending. In addition, this has also brought with it a shift in the types of travel experiences that older travellers are now choosing. Educational and cultural touristic experiences are now becoming popular options for many older individuals, as they provide greater opportunities for meaningful engagement as well as tapping into their renewed interest for history and nostalgia. At the same time, older travellers are placing a greater value on lifelong learning that may help to enrich their life. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the educational travel experiences of older adults through the development of an integrated framework that links the three stages of educational travel: pre-travel, participation, and post-travel. It is envisaged that this framework will contribute to the development of a conceptual model for successful ageing that acknowledges the significant impact that educational travel experiences will have on the well-being of older tourists.     

审计师变更的原因:意见分歧

本文选取2002至2005年间我国A股市场发生自愿性审计师变更的公司为研究样本,主要运用Logistic回归模型,对我国上市公司审计师变更的原因进行实证研究。结果发现,异地审计、控股股东或董事长变更、非标意见、盈余管理是影响审计师变更的显著因素,而财务困境变量对模型并没有显著的解释能力。本文将审计师变更的原因分为意见分歧和非意见分歧,并发现,与非意见分歧相比,意见分歧是审计师变更的更为主要的原因。本文还发现,公司披露的审计师变更原因并不可靠,而更可能是为了掩盖意见分歧的借口。     

审计师辞聘研究述评和展望

审计师辞聘是审计研究的一个重要领域。从区分审计师解聘和辞聘的必要性、审计师辞聘动机、辞聘客户特征、辞聘涉及的前后任审计师的特征和风险管理等四个方面梳理和评述目前国外对审计师辞聘的相关文献,并指出对我国审计师变更披露监管政策制定和审计师辞聘研究发展的启示。     

Sensory Experiences and Expectations of Italian and German Organic Consumers

We explore sensory experiences and expectations of Italian and German organic consumers when purchasing and eating organic food. Ten focus group interviews were performed and the results were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Outcomes indicated that although sensory attributes are not the main purchase drivers, flavor and odor are the most important in driving consumers' choice. Findings also suggested that training consumers' sensory abilities offers new market opportunities to organic marketers. From a marketing perspective, Italian consumers seem to equally appreciate nonsubjective as well as subjective marketing information about organic products, whereas in Germany non subjective aspects appear to be predominant.     

Experiential product attributes and preferences for new products: The role of processing fluency

This study shows how experiential product attributes that are part of the design of new products can create compelling consumer experiences. Following processing-fluency theory, when consumers attend to experiential attributes (sensory or affective), they should process them fluently (i.e., spontaneously and with little effort); however, consumers should process functional attributes always deliberately, irrespective of whether or not they attend to them. An experiment testing the fluency hypothesis confirms that the processing of experiential attributes, but not functional attributes, depends on attention focus. When consumers focus their attention on specific experiential features, products with experiential attributes are evaluated more positively. In contrast, the processing of functional attributes does not depend on attention focus. Further confirming the fluency hypothesis, the experiment also shows that presentation duration does not affect the processing of experiential attributes but does affect the processing of functional attributes. The authors discuss how marketers can use experiential product design in market segmentation and innovation.     

Photo-elicitation: Using photographs to read retail interiors through consumers' eyes

Researchers studying experiences in retail environments have typically focused their attention towards positivistically examining the influence of individual atmospheric variables upon customer behavior. In this respect photographs are common environmental simulation techniques. This approach concerns not only researchers active in consumer culture, but also interior architects and retail designers, working in a disciplinary tradition that maintains that interiors function as “Gestalt” environments, interacting with their users. In this paper, the authors aim to develop understanding of retail environments as sites of complex sensory experiences and the application of photo-elicitation as an interpretive research methodology concerning experiences in retail environments. The paper discusses the results of two exploratory studies within selected retail environments, and demonstrates the value of photo-elicitation in gaining insight into experiences in retail interiors. Photo-elicitation thus contributes new knowledge of the retail environment, and adds value to positivistic research approaches that have predominated in this field.     

国外农产品质量安全补贴的经验和启示

安全农产品的生产由于采用了安全优质的投入品和更多生产经营方面的努力而需要更多的支持.我国农业生产和食品生产加工的分散性导致产品的质量存在更多的不可控因素,需要以建立农产品质量安全补贴机制来引导农民和食品生产企业提供安全食品.欧美等发达国家已经在农产品质量安全补贴方面付出了一些行动.该文分析了欧美等国在农产品质量安全补贴方面的基本做法和特点,提出我国尝试建立食品安全补贴机制的建议.     

In search of heterotopia? Motivations of visitors to an English cathedral

This paper explores visitor motivations at an English cathedral, and the role that heterotopia plays in their motives. More than a third of visitors to Chichester Cathedral appear to be motivated by a subconscious search for a spiritual experience, hidden by rational motives such as interest in history. It concludes by examining the management implications that arise from a potential lack of understanding about visitors' motivations. Cathedral managers should acknowledge their visitors' intrinsic sense of spirituality and recognise their spiritual motivations through interpretation, which should encourage them to explore their personal narratives around the emotional dimension of visiting a cathedral. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

审计师选择与业绩承诺精准达标——基于中国借壳上市公司的经验证据

在借壳交易中，对借壳方（非上市公司）财务报告执行审计的审计师可以是壳公司（上市公司）的现任审计师，也可以是新任审计师。以2011—2020年完成借壳上市并签订业绩补偿承诺的我国A股借壳交易案件为样本，检验借壳上市审计师选择对借壳公司业绩承诺实现情况的影响。研究发现，与保留壳公司现任审计师的借壳公司相比，借壳上市交易中选择新审计师的借壳公司更可能在业绩承诺期间精准实现业绩承诺，盈余管理是借壳交易中审计师选择影响借壳公司精准实现业绩承诺的作用渠道。此外，当业绩承诺补偿方式为股份补偿以及借壳交易双方为关联方时，借壳交易中选择新审计师的公司对业绩承诺精准达标的正向作用更加显著。进一步研究发现，借壳上市交易中选择新审计师的公司更可能在业绩承诺到期后经历业绩滑坡，且大股东更可能在锁定期结束后减持股票。结果表明，与保留壳公司现任审计师的借壳公司相比，借壳交易中选择新审计师的借壳公司的机会主义行为更严重。