全球卫生治理重塑中的世界卫生组织

作为全球卫生治理机构,世界卫生组织的首要事务是防控疾病的流行,减少死亡的发生。世界卫生组织在新型冠状病毒防控中发挥了重要作用,为抑制病毒传染和流行,降低发病率和死亡率作出了显著贡献。新冠疫情也使世界卫生组织再次遭受诸如领导和协调能力下降、卫生资金供给不足、治理自主权不足、分配医疗资源不均衡等质疑。各国尤其是大国应通力合作,针对世界卫生组织固有的缺陷进行优化改革,从制度和规则上杜绝政治因素干扰,解决财政困境以提升公共卫生事件应对能力,平衡资源分配以缩小地位差异。中国在全球卫生治理体系中的地位不断上升,但与当前中国的经济地位还不匹配。在世界卫生组织的优化和改革中,中国应发挥更大的作用。     

Self‐Determined Feedback Seeking: The Role of Perceived Supervisor Autonomy Support

We use self‐determination theory (SDT) as a framework for investigating how perceived autonomy‐supportive supervision positively influences conditions that motivate newcomer subordinates to engage in feedback seeking. Based on data collected from MBA interns at two time periods, perceived autonomy support predicted task autonomy, informal supervisor feedback, and subordinate relationship building, and the latter two mediated the relationship between autonomy support and feedback seeking. Our study provides an SDT perspective on newcomer socialization by highlighting the important role supervisor support for autonomy can play in motivating feedback seeking as a proactive socialization tactic. Organizations and human resources management professionals should consider including training around autonomy support in supervisory training programs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Self-Determination Theory as a Framework for Understanding Women's Psychological Well-Being Outcomes from Leisure-Time Physical Activity

Self-determination theory (SDT) is used as a framework to understand how women's psychological well-being is influenced by participation in leisure-time physical activity and the social context in which activity occurs. Data were collected during in-depth semi-structured interviews with 20 participants and analyzed using constant comparison. Findings indicate women's well-being can be enhanced through casual participation in leisure-time physical activity if activity contexts support interaction between the elements of self-determination: competence, autonomy, and relatedness. Participant interactions during activities also play an important role in facilitating well-being outcomes. The findings qualitatively add to understanding and development of SDT as a legitimate psychological construct by explaining the key components of the theory through the participants own words and reflections.     

Patterns of power distribution in managerial decision making in Chinese and British industrial organizations

This article is one of three reports about the results of a Sino-British joint research project on managerial decision making in eleven Chinese companies and ten British companies. Forty managers and twenty trade union leaders from both manufacturing and service industries participated in the study. Data about decision-making patterns in eighteen different decision tasks in the organizations were collected. The results showed that there were interesting organizational and cultural differences in decision-making patterns in the two countries between manufacturing and service industries, between management and trade union groups, among short-, medium- and long-term decisions and across organizational levels. There were clear shifts of the decision-making power across organizational levels depending upon the type of decision tasks. A model of decision power shift was proposed in terms of the effects of organizational and cultural factors on patterns of organizational decision making. The implications of the decision power shift model to the management practice in the international context were highlighted.     

Conceptualizing the Franchise System Quality (FSQ) Matrix

Abstract

This empirical study provides some exploratory evidence to the proposed Franchise System Quality (FSQ) Matrix. This is the first study to investigate how franchisees perceive the importance and adequacy of the franchisor-provided services within a franchise system. Using these two dimensions as anchors, the FSQ matrix is conceptualized with four distinct profiles. The analysis of survey responses of 185 Taiwanese franchisees strongly confirms the validity of the four-cell matrix indicating significant differences between them. The results also yield a highly significant comparison between system quality permutations with franchisee performance variables and behavioral perceptions. These results show that franchisees with better performances are worthy of more support and assistance from franchisors. Those franchisees that are identified with highperceived importance of the FSQ matrix have a stronger desire for autonomy.     

刑事调解制度在我国构建的文化与理论基础——从构建和谐社会的视角

任何一种法律制度的存在都根植于一定的文化与理论基础之上，刑事调解制度也不例外。研究刑事调解制度构建的文化与理论基础，可以为刑事调解制度的构建提供理论上的支持与制度设计上的参考；而刑事调解制度的成功构建，能够有效地促进我国刑事司法的人性化，更好地推动我国和谐社会的建设与发展。     

公司诉讼代表人冲突问题研究

公司诉讼代表人冲突问题是我国公司法定代表人制度的弊端在诉讼法上的体现。在对国外立法理念和两大法系立法的比较研究下,笔者认为要想解决公司诉讼代表人冲突问题需要改革我国公司代表人制度,依据私法自治,赋予公司对代表人模式的选择权,而且立法需要同时对民事诉讼法进行修正以保持程序法和实体法的同步,以避免法律体系内部的冲突。     

场外交易市场:路径依赖与制度创新

中国现有的场外交易市场分为三个部分:代办股份转让系统、专门股权转让市场与区域产权市场,具有强烈的行政色彩。在可借鉴的经验上,美国与中国台湾地区的场外交易市场在发展上都体现出自主性特征。实际上,中国证券市场一直以来采用的建设路径就是"行政主导+准入门槛"的模式。未来中国场外交易市场的建设在既有路径制约下,应尽量发挥市场力量,构建出多中心、多层次的场外交易市场。     

A Western Australian Test of Invariant Factorial Structure in the Work Autonomy Scale Between Managerial and Non-Managerial Employee Classifications

ABSTRACT

This paper explores the conceptualisation of work autonomy through an investigation of the factorial structure stability of the Global Work Autonomy Scale at different employee levels. After administering the Global Work Autonomy Scale (Breaugh, 1985) to employees in a public sector organisation, analysis of responses confirmed an a priori three-factor model of work autonomy (method autonomy, scheduling autonomy and criteria autonomy) in a group of non-managerial employees (n = 193). A subsequent multi-sample analysis was conducted to test the invariance of the three-factor model for a group of managerial employees (n = 205). After constraining factor loadings and factor covariances, the hypothesised model continued to provide a reasonable fit to the data, confirming the generalisability of the three-factor model to both employee classifications. The methodological and theoretical implications for research into work autonomy are discussed.     

市场经济视阈下高职院校办学自主权及其边界

市场经济的发展对于高职院校办学提出了新的要求：办学主体多元化;招生自主发展趋势日益显现;学科专业设置的市场化取向;教学科研的职业实践性;内部机构设置及专业人员聘任的自主性。办学自主亦有其边界：办学主体必有主导;招生必有秩序;专业设置不可随意;教学科研不能忽视人文素养及逾越思政学习;机构组织党委负责;财政投入视政府重视程度。