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121.
樊哲银 《陕西省行政学院陕西省经济管理干部学院学报》2006,20(3):88-90
非关税壁垒对中国企业的外贸既有不良影响,又有积极影响。非关税壁垒使得中国企业的产品在国际市场上受到各种壁垒的限制,使得企业遭受巨大损失,且随着时间的推移而愈演愈烈。同时,非关税壁垒又促使中国企业加大技术创新力度.实施知识产权战略,提高管理水平,提升产业和产品结构,进行企业之间的联合和协作,改善生态环境,走内涵武的发展道路。加强对国际市场的调查和研究,有利于提高中国企业的市场竞争力,为改善其未来的外贸出口局面,扩大更大赢利空间创造了条件。 相似文献
122.
Michael A. Kelly 《The Financial Review》2006,41(4):589-597
We present a faster, more accurate technique for estimating implied volatility using the standard partial derivatives of the Black‐Scholes option‐pricing formula. Beside Newton‐Raphson and slower approximation methods, this technique is the first to provide an error tolerance, which is essential for practical application. All existing noniterative approximation methods do not provide error tolerances and have the potential for large errors. 相似文献
123.
Lookback options have payoffs dependent on the maximum and/or minimum of the underlying price attained during the options lifetime. Based on the relationship between diffusion maximum and minimum and hitting times and the spectral decomposition of diffusion hitting times, this paper gives an analytical characterization of lookback option prices in terms of spectral expansions. In particular, analytical solutions for lookback options under the constant elasticity of variance (CEV) diffusion are obtained.Received: 1 October 2003, Mathematics Subject Classification:
60J35, 60J60, 60G70JEL Classification:
G13The author thanks Phelim Boyle for bringing the problem of pricing lookback options under the CEV process to his attention and for useful discussions and Viatcheslav Gorovoi for computational assistance. This research was supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants DMI-0200429 and DMS-0223354. 相似文献
124.
This paper describes a two-factor model for a diversified index that attempts to explain both the leverage effect and the
implied volatility skews that are characteristic of index options. Our formulation is based on an analysis of the growth optimal
portfolio and a corresponding random market activity time where the discounted growth optimal portfolio is expressed as a
time transformed squared Bessel process of dimension four. It turns out that for this index model an equivalent risk neutral
martingale measure does not exist because the corresponding Radon-Nikodym derivative process is a strict local martingale.
However, a consistent pricing and hedging framework is established by using the benchmark approach. The proposed model, which
includes a random initial condition for market activity, generates implied volatility surfaces for European call and put options
that are typically observed in real markets. The paper also examines the price differences of binary options for the proposed
model and their Black-Scholes counterparts.
Mathematics Subject Classification: primary 90A12; secondary 60G30; 62P20
JEL Classification: G10, G13 相似文献
125.
SCOTT RICHARDSON SIEW HONG TEOH PETER D. WYSOCKI 《Contemporary Accounting Research》2004,21(4):885-924
It has been alleged that firms and analysts engage in an "earnings‐guidance game" where analysts first issue optimistic earnings forecasts and then "walk down" their estimates to a level that firms can beat at the official earnings announcement. We examine whether the walk‐down to beatable targets is associated with managerial incentives to sell stock after earnings announcements on the firm's behalf (through new equity issuance) or from their personal accounts (through option exercises and stock sales). Consistent with these hypotheses, we find that the walk‐down to beatable targets is most pronounced when firms or insiders are net sellers of stock after an earnings announcement. These findings provide new insights on the impact of capital‐market incentives on communications between managers and analysts. 相似文献
126.
Takahiko Fujita 《Asia-Pacific Financial Markets》2000,7(4):339-344
In this paper, using Laplace transform, we will calculate the joint density of twopercentiles of stock prices in the Black–Sholes model and make the price of exchange options of such twopercentiles. 相似文献
127.
银行业普遍存在的管制,使银行面临着有限的控制权市场和接管威胁,从而大大降低了市场约束银行管理者的能力,因此对银行而言,通过股权激励机制协调股东和管理者的利益、降低代理成本显得尤为重要.我国商业银行实施股权激励不应盲目照搬西方国家的范例,应慎重选择股权激励的实施范围,目前最好只局限在高级管理人员,通过对股权激励机制的合理设计来充分发挥其长期激励效应,切不可盲目扩大激励范围,将股权激励演变成一种新的福利措施.应尽快建立起以经济资本为核心的业绩考核体系,在经济资本的约束下实现业务发展模式和盈利模式的转变.股权激励机制的有效实施离不开完善的银行治理结构. 相似文献
128.
Rose Neng Lai Ko Wang Jing Yang 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2007,34(1):159-188
In this study we incorporate sticky rents into a real options model to rationalize the widely documented overbuilding puzzle
in real estate markets. Given the assumption that developers’ objective function is to maximize total revenue by selecting
an optimal occupancy level, our model provides a better explanation of the phenomena we observed in the real world than the
traditional market-clearance based real options models. We also show that developers’ exercise strategies can be affected
by the size and the type of property markets. In other words, developers’ exercise strategies could differ among markets and
under different conditions.
Submitted to Cambridge—Maastricht 2005 Symposium. 相似文献
129.
Dean A. Paxson 《The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics》2007,34(1):135-157
Property development activities often occur in stages, which are appropriately modeled as sequential American exchange property
options, where there are interim expenditures required in order to keep the property development options “alive”. Normally
American exchange options require a numerical solution, but herein there is a new closed-form approximate solution, which
is computationally efficient and accurate. This method combines repeats of Margrabe European exchange and Geske compound option
solutions with tight upper boundaries of either American perpetuities or European exchange options with a high volatility.
Illustrations are provided of the sensitivity of the real sequential options and optimal timing to changes in several parameters,
which provide a framework for property policy (tax, subsidy and regulatory) guidelines and for property development strategy
evaluation. There are several plausible applications of these real option models in commercial and residential property development,
within commercial property leases, with regard to switching tenants, and agricultural alternatives. 相似文献
130.