城市地价分类管理研究

指出我国城市土地市场是国家垄断为主的一级市场与自由竞争的二级市场并存的二元结构,提出城市地价分类管理的基本思想,深入剖析地价体系中存在的基准地价缺陷、标定地价作用不充分以及市场机制形成土地价格不完善等问题,分别对一级、二级市场地价管理的目标和平台进行设计,初步构建基于分类管理的新的地价体系.     

多维视角下的型号标准化

型号标准化贯穿装备采购、研制、生产与使用维护全寿命周期,是型号论证、工程研制、设计／生产定型、使用保障的重要组成部分。文章结合装备采购与研制模式的变革,剖析了新模式下型号标准化的多维视角;提出了基于采购的匣子模型、基于角色的三线模型和基于承制方的魔方模型;分析了产品规范树的作用,给出了型号专用标准／规范的责任矩阵;同时针对型号技术状态管理需求,结合型号研制阶段,提出了基于型号标准／规范的技术状态基线控制。应用实践表明,型号标准化的多维视角理论体系,明确了型号标准化的体系结构与各方权责,更加有利于发挥标准化在型号研制中的重要作用。     

基于高性能集群平台的VLBI处理系统设计

角位置是深空探测航天器导航定位的重要观测量信息,相对于获取航天器距离、速度信息的统一载波测量体制,甚长基线干涉测量(Very Long Baseline Interferometry,VLBI)技术的原始数据量呈几何式增长,海量数据的实时、准实时处理对航天器高精度导航定位提出了新的挑战。依托中国深空网干涉测量中心,论述了基于高性能集群平台环境的航天器干涉测角数据相关处理系统的设计实现,并利用探月工程的实测数据进行了验证分析。分析结论对推进我国深空网干涉测量信号处理中心建设、优化相关处理系统资源配置具有一定的参考价值。     

Investing in irrigation development in North West Queensland,Australia

This study uses a dynamic multi‐regional Computable General Equilibrium model of the Australian economy to examine the impacts of developing irrigated agriculture in remote North West Queensland. A potential investment and operational scenario is implemented using three alternative forecast baselines. In the first run using a business‐as‐usual baseline, there is a welfare loss from irrigation development, even with an optimistic shift in farm productivity and factor endowments in North West Queensland. In the second run, baseline demand for Australia's exports is assumed to grow at a faster rate and there is a small welfare gain. Simulating climate change impacts on crop yields, the forecast baseline of the third run includes a gradual reduction in farmland productivity in southern Australia. The simulations show the impacts of both supply and demand shifts on the welfare outcome, but on balance, clear welfare gains do not arise from the potential irrigation development.     

Labour-saving technologies in smallholder agriculture: An economy-wide model with field operations

Labour-saving technologies are relevant for agricultural development. Yet, as this study shows, they are poorly integrated into agricultural production functions of economy-wide models. We report a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model, which explicitly incorporating field operations (e.g. land preparation, weeding or harvesting) in the context of smallholder agriculture. The field operations approach allows to model technological trade-offs in organic and conventional production systems at various stages of the agricultural production process. Simulating a structural change scenario, we compare the performance of the field operations approach with published benchmark production structures by assessing how they replicate empirically observed changes in land and agrochemical use. This benchmark analysis shows that incorporating field operations replicates the observed empirical changes most accurately and allows for more realistic modelling of labour-saving technologies. We use the field operations model to investigate three policy options to mitigate labour shortages in the agricultural sector of Bhutan. Permitting the employment of Indian workers in agriculture has the highest short-term potential in this respect. We find that subsidising agricultural machinery hiring services and removing import tariffs on agrochemical inputs are found to be less effective. Further options for model developments, such as combining field operations and labour market seasonality, are highlighted.