Learning lessons: how to practice nudging around the world

Abstract

The aim of this article is to cover three things: (1) to introduce the context behind why a report prepared by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 2017 would be of such importance to researchers in various academic disciplines and public policy, (2) to present the details of a simple classification system that was applied to all 111 case studies of behavioural interventions (better known as nudges) referred to in the OECD (2017a OECD. 2017a. Behavioural Insights and Public Policy Lessons from Around the World.1-408 pp. OeCD Publishing. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/behavioural-insights-and-public-policy_9789264270480-en. doi:10.1787/9789264270480-en.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) report, and (3) to discuss what needs to be done to help advance practitioners’ pursuit of effective behavioural interventions. This article aims to highlight the importance of accurately cataloguing the types of behavioural interventions that have been trialled/implemented across the world. By adopting an agreed classification system, researchers and practitioners can benefit from knowing what can work, and where it can work, as well as what does not work, in order to be better armed when considering the use of behavioural interventions to solve social policy issues.     

基于产品架构与组织能力匹配的内生性创新战略——以日本信息家电企业为例

产品架构与组织能力匹配是模块化时代企业创新的内生动力。在分析产品架构理论的基础上,以日本信息家电企业为例,重点探讨了基于产品架构与组织能力匹配的内生性创新战略,即企业需要针对不同类型的产品架构构建与之相适应的组织能力。最后,针对中国信息家电企业创新提出了具体的对策与思路。     

诚信概念的历史嬗变及其启示

诚信概念由早期“诚”与“信”分离使用,发展到互释、融合,显现出中国传统诚信概念的历史嬗变路线.现代诚信概念阐释的思想主流是在继承传统诚信资源基础上,依据当今社会现实本原,建构侧重“信”的现代诚信概念.回顾历史,两次诚信关注度突增的时代,都与社会转型、社会流动性增强、诚信资源缺失密切相关.借鉴诚信概念嬗变历史,当前诚信建设应侧重现代信用制度的建设,注重政务诚信在诚信建设的关键地位与主导性,以诚信建设来重塑社会秩序.     

校银合作构建大学生征信系统促进高质量就业创业的探索

在全面深化改革的进程中,把大学生诚信管理纳入央行征信系统,是落实十八届三中全会精神,促进大学生高质量就业创业的重要举措.因此,我国高校与人民银行密切合作坚持立德树人,加强大学生诚信意识、诚信品质教育,培养大学生养成良好的诚信行为,构建大学生征信系统促进高质量就业创业.     

我国商务征信体系建设的模式探讨

分析商务诚信存在的主要问题、破解原理、征信难点,以及国际上主要的征信模式和我国征信市场现状,提出应建立以公共信用信息服务为基础,以金融业统一征信平台、行业信用信息交换平台和第三方专业征信服务为主体,以大数据等新一代信息技术为支撑的征信体系,形成不同征信机构各司其职、相互补充、互为支撑的商务征信市场格局。     

思维树模型及系统思维的培养

本文从人的思维偏差的几种表现形式说起,阐述系统思维的重要性。接着提出思维树模型方法,借以探讨训练系统思维能力和培养系统思维习惯的方法。最后在系统整体性、动态性和结构性特性的启发下,提出几个利用系统思维思考问题的观点。     

高职大学生诚信教育的价值取向与路径选择

诚信教育是高职院校大学生思想政治教育的重要内容。从诚信内涵和高职院校的特色来看,高职院校大学生诚信教育具有德育价值、社会责任感价值和幸福价值。加强高职院校大学生诚信教育,要依托思想政治课,加强诚信思想教育;依托实训课,强化诚信知识教育;健全诚信管理机制,促使学生诚信行为的养成;营造诚信校园氛围,培育校园诚信文化。     

Investor sentiment and the financial crisis: a sentiment-based portfolio theory perspective

The article proposes a portfolio model subjected to a constraint that captures the investor’s goal, with maximum estimation of expected return that is affected by investor sentiment. And we give a solution of the portfolio model by exploring the geometric features. Furthermore, we discuss the relationship between investor sentiment and the financial crisis by analysing the optimal allocation. The results show that: when investor sentiment is low enough, the investor should reject the investment, this condition leads the depression financial market to prevail, then the financial crisis erupts; when investor sentiment is modest, the financial crisis is difficult to erupt unless the decline of investor sentiment is quick and deep; but there is a special status that the financial crisis is caused by other factors rather than by investor sentiment; and only improving investor sentiment cannot move away from the financial crisis.     

Behavioural economics: Classical and modern

Abstract

In this paper, the origins and development of behavioural economics, beginning with the pioneering works of Herbert Simon and Ward Edwards, are traced and (critically) discussed. Two kinds of behavioural economics – classical and modern – are attributed, respectively, to the two pioneers. The mathematical foundations of classical behavioural economics are identified, largely, to be in the theory of computation and computational complexity; the mathematical basis for modern behavioural economics is claimed to be a notion of subjective probability. Individually rational economic theories of behaviour, with attempts to broaden – and deepen – the notion of rationality, challenging its orthodox variants, were decisively influenced by these two mathematical underpinnings.     

Beauty contested: how much of Keynes' remains in behavioural economics' beauty contests?

Abstract

In one of the most famous passages of the economic literature, John Maynard Keynes likens the stock market to a beauty contest (BC), in which the winners are those who anticipate the average opinion. In behavioural economics there have recently been attempts at investigating the BC experimentally. We argue that there exist important differences between Keynes' and behavioural economics' BCs. We identify several types of BCs and propose a taxonomy. We also suggest that, in spite of these differences, Keynes' theory of decision under uncertainty is central to understanding the actual behaviour observed in experimental BCs.