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41.
Samuel R. Raisanen 《Applied economics letters》2016,23(8):566-570
When state appropriations decrease, public universities respond by raising tuition. Students borrow more in response to both tuition increases and appropriation cuts. This article investigates the feedback of how borrowing and tuition influence state appropriations. Using a panel data set of 450 four-year public universities from 1999 to 2012, we employ three-stage least squares techniques to control for the endogeneity between state appropriations, tuition and student borrowing. There is evidence that state policy-makers respond to increases in university tuition and student borrowing by decreasing future appropriation levels. After controlling for the effect of appropriations on tuition and borrowing, a one-dollar increase in student borrowing reduces state appropriations per student by $0.06, and a one-dollar increase in tuition results in a decrease of $0.45 in state appropriations per student. When universities increase tuition for reasons other than a reduction in state appropriations, policy-makers respond with a significant cut in future appropriations which could signal an incentive strategy. 相似文献
42.
物流业务外包,即制造企业为集中资源、节省管理费用、增强核心竞争力而将物流业务以合同的方式委托与专业的物流公司运作。外包是一种长期的、战略的、互相渗透的、互惠互利的业务委托和合约执行方式．论文将探讨制造企业物流业务外包的原因、存在的问题以及如何正确外包,还将探讨成功建立外包联盟的因素。 相似文献
43.
We examine the phenomenon of the expanded use of non-tenure-track positions (“adjuncts”) and construct a supply-side Harris–Todaro model. Low adjunct wages are attributable to a “Hope Rent” from the gap between private opportunities and tenure-track utility. 相似文献
44.
Xinran Liu 《Review of Development Economics》2023,27(4):2518-2537
Since little is known about the effects of free textbooks on compulsory school students in China, this paper examines the effects of free textbooks on the academic performance of Chinese middle school students. It combines propensity score matching and difference-in-difference estimation to control for both observable and unobservable factors that affect the probability of obtaining free textbooks as well as students' academic performance. Results indicate that free textbooks significantly improve the midterm scores of girls and rural students, and the effects vary across different subjects. Moreover, the impact mechanisms of free textbooks are different for different groups and different subjects. 相似文献
45.
Vincenzo Carrieri Apostolos Davillas Andrew M. Jones 《Review of Income and Wealth》2023,69(4):861-885
Using nine waves of data from Understanding Society (UKHLS), we study the expansion of higher education in the UK and its consequences for levels of and inequalities in income, physical and mental health. University expansion was characterized by a large increase in the proportion of graduates, with higher rates of graduation among individuals from more advantaged socioeconomic backgrounds. Having controlled for birth cohort and lifecycle effects, there is evidence of significant inequality of opportunity (IOp) in the actual outcomes. However, comparing actual outcomes with counterfactual projections, that freeze the likelihood of university graduation and the joint distribution of graduation and circumstances to the pre-1963 levels, we do not detect an impact of the expansion of higher education on IOp in income and only small reductions in IOp in physical and mental health. 相似文献
46.
Ming-Cheng Wu 《Applied economics》2013,45(9):1185-1193
Theoretical and empirical works have emphasized that executive stock option plans play an important role in compensation management and corporate governance owing to the incentives to increase firm stock price and volatility levels. This study not only proposes models of executive stock options and constructs value-matched financial variables for comparing the incentive effects towards these options, but also develops an empirical study exploring the characteristics of executive stock options and suitable compensation management for companies. This investigation examines the daily value and compares incentive effects of six kinds of executive stock options with the empirical data of TSMC, the world's largest dedicated semiconductor foundry, which is listed on the TSE and NYSE. Empirical results indicate that purchased options would be the best choice for companies that are unsuitable to undertake risky investments, while the relative indexed options are appropriate for bear markets and good for companies whose executives are highly risk averse. Repriceable options are not recommended due to their high costs and weak incentive effects. 相似文献
47.
由于在不同文化背景和社会关系下,管理活动是具有其复杂性的.这就迫切需要根据中国的社会文化和历史背景,开展针对中国具体情境的本土化管理研究.文章整理和总结出对于管理活动影响较大的中国特有的社会文化和中国人的行动逻辑,并基于这五个中国传统文化的假设,来构建中国传统文化假设模型和中国情境下的企业管理方式. 相似文献
48.
Miguel Urquiola 《Asian Economic Policy Review》2023,18(2):196-213
The U.S. higher education system stands out in three dimensions. First, it has the highest number of leading research universities. Second, it displays significant differentiation: multiple types of institutions offer services that differ in cost, prestige, etc. Third, it has a laissez-faire/free-market orientation: private and public entities are free to open schools and compete; essentially all schools enjoy substantial autonomy. This paper makes the case that these features are systematically related. The development of the American higher education market—which allowed market forces to operate and lacked centralized planning—contributed to the emergence of differentiation and a set of leading research universities. 相似文献
49.
Recent studies show that corruption is associated with higher military spending [Eur. J. Polit. Econ. 17 (2001) 794] and lower government spending on education and health care [J. Publ. Econ. 69 (1998) 263]. This suggests that policies aimed at reducing corruption may lead to changes in the composition of government outlays toward more productive spending. However, little empirical evidence has been presented to support the claim that public spending improves education and health indicators in developing and transition countries. This paper uses cross-sectional data for 50 such countries to show that increased public expenditure on education and health care is associated with improvements in both access to and attainment in schools, and reduces mortality rates for infants and children. The education regressions are robust to different specifications, but the relationship between health care spending and mortality rates is weaker. 相似文献
50.