持续质量改进在研究生教育规模扩张中的应用

研究生教育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分。自20世纪90年代末研究生教育规模迅速扩张以来存在的教学方法单一、缺乏实践和创新;导师数量缺乏,精力投入不足;学生被动学习,缺乏学术精神;教育资金紧张,基础设施不完善等问题,一定程度上给研究生教育质量带来了负面影响。提升研究生教育质量,高校需要构建组织机构,运用PDCA循环,进行持续质量改进。从强化质量意识入手,分析影响研究生教育质量的因素,提出质量改进的目标、方案和措施,并检查评价措施的有效性。根据评价结果调整实施方案和相关政策,提出更高的改进目标来进行持续质量改进。     

美国合伙制投资银行向公众公司的转变

美国投资银行起步于合伙制商号,为适应市场环境和监管规则的变化以及由此产生的内部管理需要,20世纪70年代合伙制投资银行开始向公众公司转变。由于股份制投资银行股权过度分散和股权集中度低,导致了股东对公司控制力和决策权下降,形成了“强管理层、弱股东”的委托-代理结构,造成激励约束不对等的内部治理环境,为金融危机的爆发埋下了隐患。     

An Overview of Russia's Largest Corporations Abroad

SUMMARY

Russian outward foreign direct investments have grown rapidly during the past few years. The natural-resource based companies have been the main drivers of the international growth of the Russian economy. Whereas the leading companies in oil, gas, and metal industries already rank among the top global players, the manufacturing and telecommunication industries are increasingly catching up and seeking for growth outside the Russian borders. The current article seeks to provide an overview of the international activities of the leading Russian companies in several industrial sectors with additional policy conclusions regarding the internationalisation patterns of Russian enterprises.     

Strategies for Business Format Franchisors to Expand into Global Markets

Abstract

Franchising is emerging as a highly effective strategy for growth, job creation, and economic development and is spreading rapidly around the globe. However, the pursuit of global markets by franchisors has traditionally relied on employing just three generic franchising options (i.e., direct franchising, master franchising, area development). This paper presents a more expansive view of strategic choice for franchisors by presenting first-mover, platform, and conversion strategies as additional strategic approaches that may be utilized to meet the challenge of expanding into international markets. Propositions are advanced to first suggest which strategic approaches aremost appropriate under varied foreign market conditions and then how these approaches should be linked to the three generic licensing options to create combination strategies based on franchisor experience/capabilities and similar/dissimilar markets. A contingency model of global franchising is presented, which depicts the above relationships and provides an overall framework that can assist franchisors in solving the foreign expansion and distribution question. Managerial and research implications are then provided.     

国际营销的战略抉择

企业开展国际营销,首先必须解决国际营销的战略层面问题.本文就国际营销市场扩张模式、营销标准化与本土化、品牌战略模式的战略抉择问题进行了分析,并提出了战略抉择的建议.     

基于遥感影像的钦州地区建成区 时空扩展特征分析

研究基于城市空间形态扩张理论和方法,以钦州市为研究对象,选用城市形态定量分析指标如扩 张面积、扩展速率指数、扩张强度指数、形状指数、分维数、紧凑度指数等,结合RS和GIS的空间分析和 统计分析研究钦州城市建成区空间形态扩展特征。以LandsatTM/ETM+影像为数据源,提取钦州市1987～ 2010年建成区信息,经分析结果表明:2000年以前钦州市以主城区扩展为主,1987～2010年主城区已经历 缓慢扩张向快速扩张阶段;2000年之后,随着钦州港区快速扩张,主城区扩张进入快速扩张阶段;2005～ 2008年主城区与钦州港区扩张均呈现缓慢;1987～2010年间,主城区和钦州港区的建成区形态较简单,且 呈现不规则的变化趋势,在建成区面积不断扩张的前提下,该时期内建成区以外部扩张为主内部填充为 辅;钦州港区从1990～2010年面积扩张以外部范围延伸为主;目前钦州市建成区发展处于中速发展向快速 发展阶段,城市空间形态发展仍将趋于剧烈演化阶段。     

Experience and a firm's performance in foreign markets: A commentary essay

Wu and Lin (2010) extend several prominent themes in the experience and subsidiary performance literature in their empirical examination of the foreign expansion of Taiwanese MNEs. This commentary essay considers the themes in Wu and Lin (2010) against the backdrop of the considerable volume of research that has been conducted on experiential learning and firm performance in both the international business and strategy literatures. Five weak axioms about the relationships between experience, foreign market entry strategy, and performance emerge in this review. Based on these weak axioms, the commentary concludes that scholars need to concentrate future research on understanding the management and process-related issues that concern the effective management of a firm's experiential learning processes to foster better capability and knowledge development from a firm's experience, as well as translate such developments into improved performance prospects for a firm.     

传统农业生产区农村居民点扩张动因分析——基于山东省平度市的农村调查分析

研究目的:探寻在中国城市化进程中农村人口规模逐渐下降,农村居民点总规模却呈现扩张态势的原因。研究方法:案例分析法,统计分析法。研究结果:农户规模及数量、农村公共基础设施、人口变动、人均农地变动等对农村居民点规模有显著影响;农民土地产权观、宅基地制度不完善是导致一户多宅、土地闲置的重要原因。研究结论:在科学规划引导下,通过建立退出补偿机制、市场调节机制、开发激励机制,促进农村宅基地合理有效利用。     

矿业权价款只是国家出资勘查资本权益的回报——对矿业权价款制度扩大化的思考及建议

我国的矿业权价款制度是在特定历史条件下建立的,其本质是国家出资勘查资本权益的回报。近年来,矿业权价款制度的法定内涵已被全面突破,且愈演愈烈。矿业权价款制度扩大化,不仅直接干扰了以维护国家对矿产资源的财产权益为基本功能的资源补偿费制度的实施,而且已成为急功近利的饮鸩止渴之举,以矿生财的托词,实际上也是矿业权市场秩序混乱的源头之一。矿业权价款制度扩大化其深层次原因是理论混淆和认识误区,亟待进行理性思考并予以整顿规范。     

Enhanced network effects and stochastic modelling in generation expansion planning: Insights from an insular power system

Electricity generation capacity expansion is driven by both economic and socio-political realities. Policy makers determine public infrastructural decisions, such as climate and renewable targets, and transmission infrastructure, and the optimal generation capacity expansion follows. Policy makers therefore require planning models that can determine the optimal generation capacity mix in the long run under various scenarios, including policy choices. This work presents a planning model based on linearised alternating current optimal power flow which determines optimal generation capacity expansion and operation, in a least-cost manner, given global and local technical constraints, as well as policy decisions. We apply the model to a test case of the island of Ireland, which has two weakly interconnected systems, high renewable generation targets and low storage and interconnection. We determine the optimal generation expansion and operation out to 2030 considering the effects of increased multi-area interconnection, existing fossil fuel generation phase-out and increased renewable generation targets and carbon prices. Our results find that costs and emissions are driven primarily by the decommissioning of old inefficient generation units. High renewable targets, on the other hand, render increased carbon prices relatively ineffective in reducing system emissions. Furthermore, high renewable generation targets crowd out low-carbon power generation options such as carbon capture and storage (CCS). The strategic north-south interconnection has little effect on renewable energy source installations required to achieve renewable power generation targets but does impact on security of supply and the congestion level across the island.