New development: Time for a consequential impact tax to support the NHS?

The UK's National Health Service (NHS) is facing its most serious financial crisis since its inception and positive, enduring, fundamental changes need to be made if the NHS is to survive as a financially sustainable entity. This article looks at the costs of lifestyle self-abuse behaviour (over 15% of the total NHS spending) and proposes a new tax to offset the costs of treatment and preventative education. The idea is applicable to other countries facing similar problems.     

Reexamining the significance of childhood recreation patterns on adult leisure behavior

This study is the examination of the impact of childhood participation levels in outdoor recreation on the activity level of that individual as an adult. The study is based on a stratified random sample of adult residents in eight northeastern Iowa counties. Forty‐five outdoor recreation activities were used to determine the “carry‐over” of participation from childhood to adulthood. The results indicate a direct effect of the childhood level of participation on adult level of participation. Only eight of forty‐five activities seem to carry over; therefore, prediction of specific activity carryover is very limited. Implications for educating for leisure and aspects of socialization are discussed.     

基于建构主义学习理论的幼儿早期阅读教学模式研究

对国内外幼儿早期阅读教育进行了深入调研与对比分析;深入研究了建构主义学习理论的核心;基于阅读的复杂心理活动过程,以早期阅读幼儿的阅读主要特征为切入点,运用建构主义教学设计的原则,遵循情境、协作、交流和意义建构的认知过程,构建符合早期幼儿阅读特征的教学模式,强调发挥幼儿在早期阅读过程中的主动性和建构性;重视情景、协作与交流在教学中的重要作用,进而实现合理易行的幼儿早期阅读培养的教学目标。研究提出:1、构建以教学内容为背景的教学环境;2、构建教学主题活动,强调协作学习、交流学习;3、重视阅读内容的意义建构。     

健康运动，远离肥胖

随着人民生活水平的不断提高,肥胖已经成为全球瞩目的公共健康问题。肥胖以及相关的综合症严重威胁着人类的健康,影响着运动能力和身体素质。通过对肥胖的成因以及诊断标准的分析,论述运动减肥的可能机制,从而确定健康有效的减肥方法,达到健康减肥的目的,并且为全民健身提供参考依据。     

Broke,Ill, and Obese: Is There an Effect of Household Debt on Health?

We analyze the association between household indebtedness and different health outcomes using data from the German Socio‐Economic Panel from 1999 to 2009. We control for unobserved heterogeneity by applying fixed‐effects methods and furthermore use a subsample of constantly employed individuals plus lagged debt variables to reduce problems of reverse causality. We apply different measures of household indebtedness, such as the percentage shares of household income spent on consumer credit and home loan repayments (which indicate the severity of household indebtedness) and a binary variable of relative overindebtedness (which indicates a precarious debt situation). We find all debt measures to be strongly correlated with health satisfaction, mental health, and obesity. This relationship vanishes for obesity after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity while it stays significant with respect to worse physical and mental health.     

论童年经验对萧乾小说艺术风格的影响

文学创作是童年经验的重塑和变形。通过对萧乾童年时代的生活贫穷、民族歧视和宗教压迫等因素的分析,发现童年经验对萧乾小说艺术风格的形成有着密不可分的联系。     

THE CAUSES OF CHILDHOOD OBESITY: A SURVEY

Childhood obesity rates are rapidly rising in many countries. Because it is highly likely that obesity will persist into adulthood, current rates undermine the health and future of people in developed as well as developing countries. This public health epidemic carries significant economic, social as well as individual‐level consequences and has become a research topic of significant interest in various disciplines including economics. We survey the literature in economics and related disciplines associated with the causes of childhood obesity and synthesize the results to provide a better understanding of the explanations for the rising childhood obesity rates. This is an important step in crafting effective policies to combat global childhood obesity trends.     

非学历教育视角下的城乡教育差距考量:基于北京的数据

教育公平问题近年来受到我国政府和教育工作者的广泛关注,而城乡教育差距则被视为教育不公平中最突出的矛盾,城乡教育差距是教育不公平问题的显性表现。目前的大量关于教育城乡差距的研究文献都是针对学历教育提出的,文章以北京2007年—2009年相关统计数据为基础,立足于非学历教育中幼儿园教育和职业技能教育,提出了不同于学历教育教育差距度量的基本指标和方法,并以此对产生教育城乡差距的内因进行了具体分析,同时根据研究得出的结论提出了相应的对策建议。     

Changing Childhoods: Javanese Village Children in Three Generations

This paper explores changes in rural Javanese childhoods over three generations. A combination of historical ethnography and comparison of children's time‐budgets, based on three periods of field research, allows us to trace how the experience of childhood has changed in the Javanese village of Kali Loro, from the 1930s to the early twenty‐first century. We pay particular attention to the ongoing process of prolongation of childhood and adolescence through changes in education, marriage, children's work and young lifestyles. For the grandparents and parents of today's children, working, and earning money, outside school hours was a part of normal life for both boys and girls. While children's need for money has grown with changing lifestyles in the intervening decades, work outside the home, and particularly work that earns money, is no longer a significant part of childrens' experience. This puts today's children in a condition of greater dependence on parents, elder siblings or other relatives for access to cash, bringing new tensions into intergenerational relations.