跨文化管理-从文化冲突到文化融合

面对文化冲突,如何进行跨文化管理,是跨国经营的重要课题。本文从认识文化差异,识别文化冲突切入,解析了文化融化四个阶段的不同特征,探讨了如何从文化冲突到文化融合的跨文化管理策略。     

Growth and conflict in the developing world: Neo-liberal narratives and social-economy alternatives

The last quarter of the 20th century saw an increase in violent conflicts across the globe. With connections between growth, poverty and conflict increasingly difficult to ignore, research has begun examining economic dimensions of conflict. This paper reviews and critiques this new research, much of it conducted by the World Bank. The research argues that war results from poverty, and poverty from misguided economic policies, so that reducing conflict requires redoubling efforts to promote growth via neo-liberal reforms. I criticize the conceptual underpinnings of this argument, including its overemphasis on individual incentives and its claim that social and economic injustices do not contribute to violent conflicts. Instead I argue that social economics provides valuable alternative perspectives on conflict that take seriously its social dimensions, especially problems of economic justice and the common good.     

War and peace: Third-party intervention in conflict

This paper develops a simple sequential-move game to characterize the endogeneity of third-party intervention in conflict. We show how a third party's “intervention technology” interacts with the canonical “conflict technologies” of two rival parties in affecting the sub-game perfect Nash equilibrium outcome. From the perspective of deterrence strategy, we find that it is more costly for a third party to support an ally to deter a challenger from attacking (i.e., to maintain peace or acquiescence), as compared to the alternative case when the third party supports the ally to gain a disputed territory by attacking (i.e., to create war), ceteris paribus. However, an optimally intervening third party can be either “peace-making”, “peace-breaking”, or neither depending on the characteristics of the conflict and the stakes the third party holds with each of the rival parties.     

可转换债券对改善公司治理机制的作用研究

从股东、管理层和债券人三者之间的利益冲突出发,利用委托—代理理论系统分析了可转换债券是如何调和股东和管理层以及股东和债券人之间的利益冲突,降低代理成本,进而改善公司治理机制。     

解读冲突言语行为中的误解现象

误解是常发生在冲突言语行为中的一个现象,误解和冲突的关系是一种因果关系,由误解引起的冲突是语用学的研究课题。这一研究有助于人们了解误解冲突的成因,从而形成和谐的人际关系。从冲突言语的产生根源、误解的发生机制、冲突言语行为中的误解潜在性三个方面出发,探究了冲突言语行为与误解的关系,并运用顺应论对其进行了深入的研究。冲突言语行为的产生是交际双方没有顺应彼此的语境而导致的,这也是误解潜在性的根源所在。     

法律与道德冲突的哲学反思

法律与道德在现实生活中往往存在"合法的不合理"、"合理的不合法"的冲突。从哲学角度来分析,其主要原因有三个:对法律与道德关系的片面化理解、对权利与义务的二分化理解和把道德与利益进行对立。解决冲突的原则主要有利益起点和分层原则、权利与义务统一和有限性原则、道德分层原则。以上原则都是相对的、具体的、历史的,不能绝对化、抽象化、永恒化理解。     

从中德应对商务活动方式异同看文化对商业的影响

文化因素始终影响着商务沟通和商业发展,中国儒商强调“重义轻利”,以诚信为本,重视“天时、地利、人和”,尤其重视人脉关系,在商务活动中强调“过犹不及”,提倡“中庸”.德国人守时重诺,为人处世严谨,说话直接,在商业活动中重视企业调查,重视商品质量,不愿冒风险,尤其在资金使用上趋于保守.本文基于对中国人和德国人的问卷调查,了解中德双方的国民性和对商务活动的不同看法,分析其原因,从跨文化视野和合作交流角度上提出两国避免商务冲突的建议.     

The place of education in W. S. Jevons's political economy

The paper begins with the question of what became, in Jevons's new economics, of the imperative in classical political economy to educate the masses. Much of the core of classical thought, including the Malthusian principle and the wages-fund theory, together with Mill's new arguments about market failure, rationalized the need for state-supported general education as a benefit to both the labouring classes and society at large. Jevons's strong claim that Ricardo-Mill economics must be abandoned would seem to leave education policy without a strong mooring. However, he re-anchored it in his productivity approach to wage theory, his utility maximization approach to value theory and public works spending, and his empirical analyses of business cycles, the potential of long-term austerity, and poor consumption-saving behaviour of the working classes. The end result was similar to that of classical political economy, a multi-dimensional rationale for a policy of State-supported general education.     

The role of affective commitment and political skill in the work interfering with family (WIF) conflict – voluntary turnover relationship

The present study explores how political skill affects an employee’s coping behavior in response to Work Interfering with Family (WIF) conflict. Applying Conservation of Resource theory, we argue that politically skilled individuals are more cognizant of the social embeddedness of WIF, and because of cross-domain resource (e.g. time, attention, energy) depletion, lack the resources to cope with its effects. As such, they leverage their political skill to more effectively turnover from the organization than less politically skilled individuals by detaching their identity and lowering their affective commitment to their organization. We tested the hypotheses using a sample of 181 individuals from a retail firm, and results support the hypothesized model. First, a test of indirect effects confirmed that affective commitment partially mediated the link between WIF and voluntary turnover (measured six months later). Second, a moderated-mediation test revealed, as hypothesized, that affective commitment only functioned as a mediator for individual with high levels of political skill. Implications for practice and directions for future research are discussed.     

Women directors contribution to organizational innovation: A behavioral approach

This paper aims to analyze the relationships between women directors (a demographic characteristic) and organizational innovation (a predictor of firm performance) by considering the mediating role of the board’s decision-making culture. To scrutinize board processes and behaviors, we use survey data to test our hypotheses on a sample of 341 Norwegian firms. The results suggest that women directors contribute positively and significantly to organizational innovation. Furthermore, the positive relationship between women directors and the level of organizational innovation is mediated by some decision-making culture dimensions: the degree of cognitive conflict and the degree of preparation and involvement during board meetings. Implications for theory and practice and future research directions are discussed.