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901.
Aditi Gowri 《Journal of Business Ethics》2007,70(4):391-400
This paper considers the question of virtues appropriate to a corporate actor’s moral character. A model of corporate appetites
is developed by analogy with animal appetites; and the pursuit of initially virtuous corporate tendencies to an extreme degree
is shown to be morally perilous. The author thus refutes a previous argument which suggested that (1) corporate virtues, unlike
human virtues, need not be located on an Aristotelian mean between opposite undesirable extremes because (2) corporations
do not have appetites; and (3) corporate virtues must serve the end of sustainable profit. If these disanalogies between corporate
and human virtue no longer hold, then the stage is set for us to formulate a more adequate model of good corporate character
that would encompass other-regarding virtues. 相似文献
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904.
Measuring Efficiency: A Comparison of Multilevel Modelling and Data Envelopment Analysis in the Context of Higher Education 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Jill Johnes 《Bulletin of economic research》2006,58(2):75-104
Data envelopment analysis (DEA) and multilevel modelling (MLM) are applied to a data set of 54,564 graduates from UK universities in 1993 to assess whether the choice of technique affects the measurement of universities’ performance. A methodology developed by Thanassoulis and Portela (2002; Education Economics, 10(2), pp. 183–207) allows each individual's DEA efficiency score to be decomposed into two components: one attributable to the university at which the student studied and the other attributable to the individual student. From the former component, a measure of each institution's teaching efficiency is derived and compared to the university effects from various multilevel models. The comparisons are made within four broad subjects: pure science, applied science, social science and arts. The results show that the rankings of universities derived from the DEA efficiencies which measure the universities’ own performance (i.e., having excluded the efforts of the individuals) are not strongly correlated with the university rankings derived from the university effects of the multilevel models. The data were also used to perform a university‐level DEA. The university efficiency scores derived from these DEAs are largely unrelated to the scores from the individual‐level DEAs, confirming a result from a smaller data set (Johnes, 2006a; European Journal of Operational Research, forthcoming). However, the university‐level DEAs provide efficiency scores which are generally strongly related to the university effects of the multilevel models. 相似文献
905.
This paper compares commonly used approaches for estimating the relation between long-horizon returns and a predetermined variable X1, such as dividend yields. Specifically, we look at regression of (i) nonoverlapping multiperiod returns on Xt (ii) overlapping multiperiod returns on Xt, (iii) single-period returns on multiperiod Xt, and (iv) single-period returns on Xt and its implied long-horizon regression coefficient. We provide analytical formulae which quantify the efficiency of the estimators used in the various approaches. Using the formulae, as well as Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the relative efficiency of the estimators used in the various approaches differs remarkably, depending on the dynamic structure of the regressor. of special interest for financial economists, when the regressors are highly autocorrelated, we find that the regressions (ii) (iii), and (iv) provide only marginal efficiency gains above and beyond the nonoverlapping long-horizon regression. 相似文献
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909.
Distance functions are gaining relevance as alternative representations of production technologies, with growing numbers of empirical applications being made in the productivity and efficiency field. Distance functions were initially defined on the input or output production possibility sets by Shephard (1953, 1970) and extended to a graph representation of the technology by Färe, Grosskopf and Lovell (1985) through their graph hyperbolic distance function. Since then, different techniques such as non parametric-DEA and parametric-SFA have been used to calculate these distance functions. However, in the latter case we know of no study in which the restriction to input or output orientation has been relaxed. What we propose is to overcome such restrictiveness on dimensionality by defining and estimating a parametric hyperbolic distance function which simultaneously allows for the maximum equiproportionate expansion of outputs and reduction of inputs. In particular, we introduce a translog hyperbolic specification that complies with the conventional properties that the hyperbolic distance function satisfies. Finally, to illustrate its applicability in efficiency analysis we implement it using a data set of Spanish savings banks. 相似文献
910.
Within the last decade a vast array of computerized management information systems have become available to the hospitality industry. Their impact has not so far been significant, but where they have been introduced efficiency has increased, employees have gained greater professionalism and job satisfaction and cost effectiveness has improved. 相似文献