Trying to become a different type of company: dynamic capability at Smith Corona

Smith Corona, formerly one of the world's leading manufacturers of typewriters, was challenged to exercise dynamic capability in the face of the dissipation of its main product category. A study of the last two decades of the life of the company shows how Smith Corona tried to alter its resource base by leveraging existing resources, creating new resources, accessing external resources, and releasing resources. Using the extended case method, this study advances dynamic capability theory by confronting it with an empirical case. The Smith Corona case provides rich insights into the resource alteration processes by which dynamic capability operates, and highlights resource cognition as a missing element in dynamic capability theory. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Are more resources always better for growth? Resource stickiness in market and product expansion

We examine how managerial growth logics combine with financial and human resource slack to influence the short‐term revenue growth of a sample of 112 manufacturing firms drawn from a unique database provided by the Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation. Our results provide evidence that firms pursuing product expansion logics generally grow more slowly than firms that are not expanding their product base, but that financial slack positively moderates this relationship. We also find that human resource slack enhances short‐term market expansion, but slows down short‐term product expansion. We discuss the implications of these results for resource‐based views of growth. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关联理论对跨文化广告的语用解释效力

从关联理论的角度探讨了在跨文化广告理解过程中认知的作用 ,提出跨文化广告的成败依赖于广告人所设计的广告语言信息能否激活广告受众与之相同的认知心理 ,广告受众能否填补广告中的信息缺项 ,并提醒广告人在设计广告语言时应根据不同的目的国广告受众及时调整语言。     

学习高等数学应处理好几个问题

学好高等数学要认清其重要性,弄清其特点,掌握与初等数学的不同点,缩短不适应期,完成从中学到大学学习的尽早过渡,应在听课和完成作业环节上重点研究学习方法.     

It's Not All Relative: The Effects of Mental and Physical Positioning of Comparative Prices on Absolute versus Relative Discount Assessment

In the context of three experiments, the authors examine the manner in which consumers compare a sale price to an explicit reference value. They find that a comparison of sale price to regular price may be more likely to involve an absolute (dollar amount) assessment, whereas a comparison of sale price to a competitor's price may be more likely to involve a relative (percent) assessment. The authors also find that vertical (i.e., columnar) placement of prices may result in a greater tendency to estimate discounts in relative terms. Conversely, horizontal (i.e., side-by-side) placement may result in a greater tendency to compute absolute numerical difference. The results provide important implications for retail managers in terms of framing and communicating price discounts.     

Across borders and beyond boundaries: How the Olivetti Company became a multinational

‘Ing. C. Olivetti & Co.’, the office machine producer founded in 1908, is one of the few Italian enterprises that was quick to set up a process of internationalisation both in European markets and in other continents. This article shows the evolution of Olivetti as a multinational business from its origins until the 1960s when the manufacturer was owned and controlled by the Olivetti family. It focuses on the role that ‘entrepreneurial cognition’ plays in shaping business as the company pursues new business opportunities across borders. It argues that the internationalisation of Olivetti was pursued in at least three ways: (1) as exploitation of entrepreneurial opportunities in response to major historical events, local and global tensions; (2) as the result of entrepreneurial perceived high self-efficacy; and (3) as consequence of heuristic decision-making processes.     

消费者对茶油的价值认知实证研究——基于福州消费者的调查

消费者对茶油价值认知不足产生的信息不对称使得茶油市场失灵,潜在的市场需求无法转变为实际的市场需求。调查统计表明,消费者对茶油具有较好的知名度,但却只有较低的价值认知度。影响消费者对茶油价值认知的主要因素包括消费者的性别、学历、收入水平和对健康的关注程度。对茶油价值的认知不再依赖于通过直接的生产地接触获取,也不依赖于经常购买日常食品。根据实证分析可以预测,对茶油价值认知度高的消费者将越来越多,需要通过不断消除居民的性别偏好意识、促进教育资源的平等分配,降低接受高等教育的门槛、促进收入合理分配和不断提高居民对健康的关注水平来促进消费者对茶油价值的认知。     

公众对海洋微塑料的认知与行为及其影响因素——以福建省为例

全球海洋环境正在遭受来自多方面的威胁,海洋微塑料更是海洋污染中突出的表现。公众对海洋微塑料的认知和行为是影响微塑料治理工作的重要社会基础。为了呼吁广大公众参与海洋微塑料污染治理工作,以福建省沿海为例,基于732份问卷调查数据,运用多元Logistic回归方法分析了公众对海洋微塑料的认知与行为及其影响因素。结果显示: 公众对海洋微塑料基本概念及其危害的认知尚处于模糊阶段,认知仍然处于较低水平;63.4%的公众表示“从未参加过海洋环保教育活动”,超过90%的公众几乎没有参加海洋微塑料治理的相关活动; 年龄、学历和对海洋微塑料认知水平对公众海洋微塑料行为影响显著。该研究有助于相关部门制定与实施海洋微塑料污染防范措施、提高公众与社会对海洋环境的关注度,推进海洋共同体建设,为全球海洋污染治理提供中国方案。     

员工“后见之明”认知偏差对组织绩效的双重效用机制——一项中国本土化的探索性实证研究

中国管理学者在根据主要源自西方管理的理论进行研究时,经常会遇到一些在西方文化背景下行之有效的管理模式,在中国情景下出现"水土不服"。这是因为不同文化背景下思维模式的差异总是被忽视,但这些差异不论在本土化管理学理论探索,还是在中国企业管理实践中都是非常重要的元素。中国传统整体性思维所产生的"后见之明"认知偏差,是国际管理学界正在激烈争鸣的领域。作者认为西方学者片面地强调和放大了整体性思维的弊端,而忽视其存在的正向作用。文章以"互动公平与员工承诺"的员工激励机制为基础模型,在加入"后见之明"认知偏差作为关键调节变量之后,论证了"事后诸葛"并非一无是处,它其实在某些情况下反而可以成为组织的润滑剂。文章也在此基础上,讨论了在中国文化背景下,构建本土管理学理论的必要性和可行性。     

Cognitive foundations of firm internationalization: A systematic review and agenda for future research

Managerial cognition has a fundamental role in the internationalization of firms. However, there exists no coherent understanding of how prior research has examined and captured the cognitive foundations of internationalization. This paper provides a systematic review of this body of literature. The review identifies three main streams of research that, overall, consists of nine more specific research areas. We show that especially the areas addressing (1) managerial learning, (2) characteristics of upper echelons, (3) intra-organizational perceptions, and (4) external actors’ perceptions provide opportunities for the further advancement of internationalization literature. For harnessing these opportunities, we find that the microfoundational approach could support the empirical examination of the cognitive foundations and would notably contribute to the Uppsala model-based theorization of the firm internationalization process.