A social cognitive approach to tackle inactivity and obesity in young Australians

In 2004/5, 62% of men, 45% of women and 19%-23% of children and adolescents in Australia were overweight or obese [Australian Bureau of Statistics. 4364.0 — 2004/5 National Health Survey Summary of Results. Viewed March 2007, <abs.gov.au>, 2006a]. The worldwide societal changes particularly in the adoption of more sedentary lifestyles have been marked as a major contributor to the obesity epidemic. Surprisingly little is known about what the underlying cognitions that are associated with increasing levels of sedentary behavior among adults are, specifically those aged 18-24 years. With this understanding, social marketing campaigns and government policies can enlist a change in consumers' behaviors towards a reduction in sedentary behavior, reducing their risk of obesity and all-cause mortality.A self-administered survey was completed by a sample of 310 young respondents. Major findings from this study indicate that: this group of 18-24 year olds engages in sedentary activities for almost eight hours per day and their cognitive behaviors are independent of personal characteristics such as age, gender and weight.     

名词作临时物量词的隐喻识解

名词作临时物量词除了"计量"的功能,还具备丰富的语用修辞效果。名词作临时物量词的隐喻性主要体现在方位隐喻概念之中,并通过概念合成理论中的输入空间和类属空间把语言与认知过程联系起来。     

认知忠诚和情感忠诚的消费者行为研究

长期以来,人们总是把忠诚当成真正忠诚的代名词,甚至在忠诚与完全忠诚之间划上了等号。然而,那些围绕在我们身边的朋友,那些在买卖关系中声称是你永远忠诚伙伴的合作者,当真是真情所在吗?Oliver早在1997年就把顾客忠诚划分为认知忠诚、情感忠诚、意向忠诚和行为忠诚四种。但过去的研究却忽略了用细分的忠诚去预测消费者的行为。为了揭示认知忠诚和情感忠诚消费者忠诚度和购买份额之间存在的差异,作者以中国酒店行业为抽样对象,以客户关系赢回管理为背景,通过对认知忠诚和情感忠诚顾客的忠诚度和购买份额绝对量的比较,以及两种忠诚与购买份额之间关系拟合的函数曲线形状来预测和评估消费者的行为倾向。研究结果表明,对供应商而言情感忠诚消费者比认知忠诚消费者的忠诚度更高,购买份额更多,维持时间更长;对厂商而言情感忠诚比认知忠诚具有更高获利价值。因此,能否有效地区分认知忠诚和情感忠诚行为对企业的营销实践具有重要的现实意义。     

Individual Moral Development and Ethical Climate: The Influence of Person–Organization Fit on Job Attitudes

This research examines how the fit between employees moral development and the ethical work climate of their organization affects employee attitudes. Person–organization fit was assessed by matching individuals' level of cognitive moral development with the ethical climate of their organization. The influence of P–O fit on employee attitudes was assessed using a sample of 304 individuals from 73 organizations. In general, the findings support our predictions that fit between personal and organizational ethics is related to higher levels of commitment and job satisfaction and lower levels of turnover intent. Ethical P–O fit was related to higher levels of affective commitment across all three ethical climate types. Job satisfaction was only associated with ethical P–O fit for one of the three P–O fit variables and turnover intentions were significantly associated with two of the ethical P–O fit variables. The most consistent effect was found for the Conventional – Caring fit variable, which was significantly related to all three attitudes assessed. The weakest effect was found for the Preconventional – Instrumental fit variable, which was only predictive of affective commitment. The pattern of findings and implications for practice and future research are discussed.     

Linking Linear/Nonlinear Thinking Style Balance and Managerial Ethical Decision-Making

This study presents the results of an empirical analysis of the relationship between managerial thinking style and ethical decision-making. Data from 200 managers across multiple organizations and industries demonstrated that managers predominantly adopt a utilitarian perspective when forming ethical intent across a series of business ethics vignettes. Consistent with expectations, managers utilizing a balanced linear/nonlinear thinking style demonstrated a greater overall willingness to provide ethical decisions across ethics vignettes compared to managers with a predominantly linear thinking style. However, results comparing the ethical decision-making of balanced thinking managers and nonlinear thinking managers were generally inconsistent across the ethics vignettes. Unexpectedly, managers utilizing a balanced linear/nonlinear thinking style were least likely to adopt an act utilitarian rationale for ethical decision-making across the vignettes, suggesting that balanced thinkers may be more likely to produce ethical decisions by considering a wider range of alternatives and ruling out those that are justified solely on the basis of their outcomes. Implications are discussed for future research and practice related to management education and development, and ethical decision-making theory. Kevin S. Groves is an Assistant Professor of Management and Director of the PepsiCo Leadership Center at California State University, Los Angles. His research interests include managerial thinking styles, ethical decision-making, executive leadership development and succession planning systems, charismatic leadership, and leader emotional intelligence. He teaches undergraduate, MBA, and doctoral-level classes across a range of management and leadership subjects, including management competency development, organizational behavior, business ethics, and organization development and change. Dr. Groves’ recent research has been published in such journals as the Journal of Management, Human Resource Development Quarterly, Journal of Management Development, Leadership and Organization Development Journal, Journal of Management Education, and the Academy of Management Learning & Education. He received a Ph.D. in Organizational Behaviour from Claremont Graduate University. Charles Vance teaches in the area of human resource management at Loyola Marymount University. He recently completed Senior Specialist and regular Fulbright appointments in Austria and China respectively. He is the author with Yongsun Paik of the new text, Managing a Global Workforce, (M.E. Sharpe, 2006). His nonlinear penchant is expressed quarterly in cartoons and other attempts at humor in the ending “Out of Whack” section of the Journal of Management Inquiry. Dr. Yongsun Paik is a professor of international business and management in the College of Business Administration, Loyola Marmount University. He holds a Ph. D. degree in International Business from University Washington. His primary research interests focus on international human resource management, global strategic alliances, and Asia Pacific business studies. He has recently published articles in such journals as Journal of World Business, Management International Review, Journal of International Managemtn, Business Horizons, International Journal of Human Resource Management, Journal of Management Inquiry, Human Resource Management Journal, among others.     

也谈物流英语的特点及翻译技巧

21世纪物流行业的新发展使物流企业竞争越来越激烈,物流企业要想在以后的发展中处于有利地位就必须把握不断出现的商机,抢占新的竞争空间。众多的企业为了更快更准地了解市场,纷纷采取全球化的战略,使企业能够尽快突破原有地域的限制而着眼于全球。这样,对物流从业人员,提出了更高地要求,那就是如何在熟练掌握英语的基础上,提高专业英语水平。     

浅析英汉“心”词汇的隐喻认知特点

隐喻不仅仅是一种语言现象。而且也是一种认知现象。隐喻的实质就是把熟悉的认知域概念映射到陌生的认知域中,生成新的概念,借以理解陌生的事物。“心”是人体的最重要的器官之一。它在构造概念和理解事物的过程中有着重要作用。通过对英汉“心”的隐喻词汇的认知特点的对比分析显示,英汉“心”词汇隐喻认知有很多相似之处。它们的映射路径很多也是相同的。但汉语中“心”的映射面要广得多,构成的词汇也多,而英语中“heart”的映射面相对较窄,产生这种差异的原因在于两个民族的经验基础不同,形成了不同的隐喻具象。     

平面稳定渗流与复变函数

本文论述了平面稳定渗流与复变函数之间的内在联系,阐述了用复变函数方法求解地下水平面稳定渗流的基本思想。     

Measures of cognitive effort

In studying choice processes, it is generally assumed that the cognitive effort involved has a major influence on which process a consumer uses. However, a valid measure of such effort is lacking. To analyze convergent validity, discriminant validity, and reliability, several models of cognitive effort are tested using 14 measures. The best-fitting model has three constructs: total cognitive effort, cognitive strain, and time. Predictive validity is also tested. For choices involving a single period of processing, decision time and two verbal protocol measures are recommended. For choices that occur over multiple periods of processing, three self-report items are recommended.I would like to thank Robert J. Thomas, Johny K. Johansson, and Sandra Burke for their comments on earlier drafts of this paper and the editor for his encouragement.     

基于分形盒维数的双门限合作频谱感知方法

在信号分形盒维数特征的基础上,提出利用噪声与授权信号分形盒维数的差异对授权 用户是否存在进行检测。为了使合作感知性能趋于更优,多用户采用双门限策略进行分步合 作。该方法运算复杂度低,对噪声不敏感。仿真结果表明,双门限合作相比单门限分形盒维 数检测 和能量检测,系统检测率更高,所需频谱感知时长较短, 同时减轻了融合控制中心以及传输 信道的负荷。