Cognitive Theory and Moral Behavior: The Contribution of F. A. Hayek to Business Ethics

This paper shows how business ethics as a concept may be approached from a cognitive viewpoint. Following F. A. Hayek's cognitive theory, I argue that moral behavior evolves and changes because of individual perception and action. Individual moral behavior becomes a moral rule when prominently displayed by members of a certain society in a specific situation. A set of moral rules eventually forms the ethical code of a society, of which business ethics codes are only a part. By focusing on the concept of "limited" or "dispersed knowledge" that underlies the cognitive approach, I show that universal ethical norms that should lead to defined outcomes cannot exist. This approach moreover shows the limits of deliberate rule-setting. Attempts to deliberately impose universal ethical rules on societies may turn out to be harmful for societal development and lead to an abuse of governmental power.     

英汉思维差异与英汉语言表达方式对比

英汉不同的思维方式影响中国学生的英文书面表达.英汉思维差异具体表征为:理性与悟性、实证推理与形象思维、个体与群体的差异.大学生用英文写作时要按照英美人的思维模式进行思考.转变汉式思维方式,学会用英语进行思维,增大阅读量,使学生学会使用英语语言衔接手段,是提高英文写作能力的重要方法.     

论《全明散曲》所收散曲的体式及其特征

谢伯阳先生主编的<全明散曲>,展示了明代散曲的全貌,是目前收录明代散曲最全的集子.然而<全明散曲>中收录的明代散曲体式却鲜为人知,这里分三部分叙述:名称与分类;宫调与曲牌;用韵与语词,旨在揭示明代散曲体式的概貌.     

Compulsory Ethics Education and the Cognitive Moral Development of Salespeople: A Quasi-Experimental Assessment

This study investigated several basic research questions suggesting a positive relationship between education and cognitive moral development. More specifically, these research questions examined the relationship between government mandated ethics education and cognitive moral development by testing the efficacy of a compulsory ethics intervention. Kohlberg's (1969, 1984) Cognitive Moral Development Theory was applied to test the efficacy of compulsory ethics education on the moral development of real estate salespeople used comparative statistical measures of ethical reasoning ability.The results of this research, while somewhat counterintuitive, suggest that the value of compulsory ethics education as an intervention to improve the moral reasoning of real estate salespeople is highly questionable. However, the results of the study do provide new insights into the relationship between ethics education and cognitive moral development.     

视译的认知过程研究

视阅口译是以阅读的方式接收来源语信息,以口头方式传出信息的口译方式。视阅口译集阅读理解、短时记忆、断句重组、逻辑整理和表达等技能于一体,是一项非常复杂的认知活动,所需技能不亚于交传和同传。通过剖析视阅口译的认知过程,以此来探究视译表达中迟疑、拖沓和重复等困难并提供针对性的解决办法。     

Internationalizing the Assessment Criteria to Build Cross-Cultural Competency

ABSTRACT

International business programs, universities with international students, and educators who seek to internationalize their teaching need to make informed decisions about teaching, testing, and assessment criteria. The infusion of American business curricula throughout the world as well as the need to train American business students for leadership roles in global contexts calls for teaching and assessment practices which explore a plurality of cognitive, affective and behavioral pedagogical strategies. This article considers traditional education and assessment in China in light of American educational practices currently used for assessment in business training. It explores how an understanding of modern Confucianist values can shape assessment choices in both American and overseas programs as an example of developing cross-cultural awareness. The authors call for an assessment process in business education which draws from a plurality of methods adapted to teaching, learning and testing for global awareness.     

Assessing the Effects of Cultural Intelligence on Team Knowledge Sharing From a Socio‐Cognitive Perspective

Drawing upon social cognitive theory, this research postulates cultural intelligence as a key driver of knowledge sharing among culturally diverse teams. An empirical testing of the proposed model, by investigating team leaders from high‐tech industries, reveals the applicability of social cognitive theory in understanding cultural intelligence, perceived team efficacy, and knowledge sharing. Specifically, the test results herein show that knowledge sharing is directly influenced by metacognitive, cognitive, and motivational cultural intelligence. At the same time, knowledge sharing is indirectly impacted by metacognitive and behavioral cultural intelligence through the mediation of perceived team efficacy. Lastly, this research provides managerial implications and limitations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

从关联理论视角解读幽默言语的认知过程

关联理论作为解释人类交际的认知语用学理论,同样也适用于幽默言语的研究。幽默言语的认知过程遵循最佳关联原则,即从启动最大关联语境的第一阶段进入到寻找最佳关联语境的第二阶段。而幽默言语的幽默效应正是来自于最大关联与最佳关联之间意义的反差。     

新加坡华资银行的家族管理

传统华族文化对新加坡华资银行业至今仍有巨大影响的是家文化以及由之衍生的家族管理模式。出于权力情结及对职业经理人诚信、职业道德的担心,这种管理模式仍盛行于现存两大华资银行。本文简要分析了该模式在华资银行存在、发展、变化的原因。     

The impact of cognitive age on Internet use of the elderly: an introduction to the public policy implications

Despite the growth of the Internet, one area that has not really been discussed is the elderly's use of the Internet. Given the rapid growth of this population as well as the potential the Internet holds for them, it is a subject worth consideration. However, seniors cannot be defined simply by their chronological age, but by their cognitive age. This paper discusses the impact of cognitive age of a national random sample of American elderly consumers on their Internet use. The results suggest that those seniors with a younger cognitive age use the Internet more than those seniors with an older cognitive age. Additionally, seniors with a younger cognitive age have more social contact off‐line (but not online) than those seniors with an older cognitive age. Finally, in terms of demographic variables, chronological age is positively associated with cognitive age and women report a younger cognitive age than men. These results suggest that for policy makers interested in increasing the participation of seniors, they can utilize the Internet to reach those who are younger in terms of cognitive age; however, they will not be able to reach all seniors in this manner and they need to utilize the Internet as a complementing media to their traditional communication sources.