Complementarities and competition: Unpacking the drivers of entrants' technology choices in the solar photovoltaic industry

Entrants in new industries pursue distinct technologies in hopes of winning the technology competition and achieving sustainable competitive advantage. We draw on the complementary assets framework to predict entrants' technology choices in an emerging industry. Evidence from the global solar photovoltaic industry supports our arguments that entrants are more likely to choose technologies with higher technical performance and for which key complementary assets are available in the ecosystem. However, diversifying entrants are more likely to trade off superior performance for complementary asset availability whereas start‐up entrants are more likely to trade off complementary asset availability for superior performance. This difference is largely due to diversifying entrants with pre‐entry capabilities related to the industry. The study offers a novel illustration of how complementarities and competition shape entry strategies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

论采购联盟集体谈判力的价格、销量与福利效应

文章以中国的制造业外包服务,即出口加工贸易活动为基础,发展了一个有关本国企业的中间品策略性采购联盟与外国垄断性供给者进行集体谈判的非合作性广义Coumot-Nash谈判模型,探讨是否应该建立中间品策略性采购联盟,以及如何运用其集体谈判力实现行业降低成本、保障供给等问题.文章证明本国与外国之间的中间品与最终产品贸易的互补性既增加了建立采购联盟进行集体谈判的迫切性,也复杂化了集体谈判力的价格、销量与福利效应:这些效应既依存于本国策略性采购联盟的偏好这种主观因素,也取决于最终产品需求由线的弹性与曲率、外国企业的技术以及生产专业化程度等客观因素,其中,采购联盟的偏好因素具有重要的影响.     

生产者服务贸易国外研究进展与述评

生产者服务业Producer Services）概念的提出是基@Browning ＆ Singelmann（1975）将服务业从功能角度划分而来,这类服务业包含了资本密集型行业（例如金融、保险等）,也包括知识和技术密集型产业（例如通信业、信息数据处理、计算机软件编程等）,还将很多专业性较强的服务业（例如会计、法律等）囊括其中。虽然这些行业的种类繁杂,但其统归于生产者服务业的原因在于这些行业都对一国制造业的发展起到重要作用,同时也是经济及产业结构升级的主要驱动力。在全球经济一体化背景下,西方主要发达国家在此领域的研究已趋于成熟,尤其是对生产者服务贸易方面的研究,国外学者已形成了较为完善的体系。基于生产者服务贸易理论和经验研究的发展过程,本文对国外相关代表性文献进行了详细梳理,这将对我国经济结构优化发展具有重要的借鉴意义。     

有限补空间和可数补空间的一些性质

在有限补拓扑空间和可数补拓扑空间的基本性质的基础上对他们子集的导集、闭集、内部和边界进行讨论,求出了有限补拓扑空间的子集在有限和无限的情况下的导集、闭集、内部和边界,及可数补拓扑空间的子集在可数和不可数的情况下的导集、闭集、内部和边界。通过它们性质的研究使我们对这两个空间有更清楚的认识。     

风能-太阳能互补独立发电系统设计优化与分析

风能及太阳能,在互补独立的体系内能支持特有的发电系统。要明晰这一系统固有的经济特性及技术特性,需要接纳最优概念,来辨识最佳的预设方案。运算数值表示:这样的优化路径能获取可用的最优解。Pareto特有的体系配置能与设定好的要求契合。风能发电及关涉的太阳能带有补充的关联。互补独立架构下的发电系统优于惯常见到的单一系统。     

中国对外直接投资与对外贸易关系的实证研究——基于美国、中国香港、越南的合成数据回归分析

由于人民币升值、外汇储备飙升，更多的中国企业选择以对外直接投资的方式参与国际经济分工，对外贸易与对外直接投资的关系也变得愈加紧密和复杂。选取1996-2006年中国对美国、中国香港、越南的FDI流量，进、出口量做合成数据回归分析，结果表明：中国对外直接投资与对外贸易的关系在空间上存在不同，二者关系以及关系强弱因东道国（地区）经济发展水平不同而不同。最后，提出了有关的对策建议。     

Performance assessment of airlines using range-adjusted measure,strong complementary slackness condition,and discriminant analysis

This study integrates RAM (range-adjusted measure), SCSC (strong complementary slackness condition), and DEA–DA (data envelopment analysis–discriminant analysis) to rank airlines. As conventional DEA models do not fully use all inputs and outputs, they result zero in many multipliers. These sorts of DEA models may yield many efficient decision-making units (DMUs). This decreases the discrimination power of DEA. To overcome this limitation, this study proposes a novel application of RAM–DEA/SCSC along with DA. A case study demonstrates the applicability of our proposed approach.     

A study on the effect of different levels of research capability on invention performance

This paper aims to search the threshold point during the technology accumulation process and investigate the interaction mechanism for human capital and technology acquisition. Related data of patent application and invention patent granted suggests that there is a significant paradigm shift between the two sides of the threshold point, which means that factors contributing to invention have shifted from external to internal. Further, some simple implications are made based on the moderate effect. Firstly, technology acquisition has been attached with great importance to the improvement of invention performance. Secondly, technology acquisition also plays a substitutive role in building up internal technology capability when internal technology is low, but it will change to be a complementary resource for local technology build-up when local technology is high enough. So building up internal technology capability seems critical.     

Understanding the Role of Governments and Administrations in the Implementation of Community and Complementary Currencies

This text focuses on the role of governments and administrations in the emergence, spread, development and differentiation of community and complementary currency schemes (CCs), highlighting their role as potential support for experimentation. This support can take various forms: technical, financial, fiscal, official and/or legal recognition. We present first the role of governments, mostly local, in the emergence and development of four generations of CCs. We distinguish then a series of modes of action of governments at central and local levels. This leads to identify the interest of being supported (greater professionalism, greater complexity and possibly greater impact) while emphasizing the risks linked to public support as well.     

Innovations and the role of complementarities in a strategic theory of the firm

In the resource‐based view of strategy and in evolutionary economics, complementary assets play a crucial role in explaining sustainable competitive advantages and innovations. Despite the apparent importance of complementary assets for the understanding of corporate strategy, their creation and the associated managerial problems have been much less discussed. We believe this to be a major weakness in the strategic theory of the firm. Interestingly, problems of coordination and cooperation are center stage in the contract‐based theories of the firm, and we try to integrate some of their insights into a resource‐based perspective. Specifically, we show how complementary assets raise the need for strategic direction by a firm's top management. Moreover, complementary assets magnify internal incentive problems, and their management has an impact on the innovativeness of a firm. Lastly, complementary assets play a crucial role in the internal appropriation of innovative rents. We demonstrate the fruitfulness of our integrated framework by relating some of our findings to the literature on corporate strategy, industry evolution, and organizational structures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.