What are good R&D investment strategies for leaders and followers?

Research and development (R&D) investment affects the growth of firms in the same industry differently according to their technological positions. This study empirically investigates differences in how R&D investment influences firm growth between technological leaders and followers. Additionally, this study investigates the moderating effects of complementary assets and market competition on the relationship between R&D investment and firm growth. Using a sample of 2322 observations from 492 firms in the U.S. chemical and allied products industry for the period 2000–2009, we show that an increase in R&D investment leads to greater firm growth for technological followers than for technological leaders. We also find that the moderating effects of complementary assets and market competition vary depending on whether a firm is a technological leader or follower.     

余能原理基面力元法在重力坝应力分析中的应用

介绍了二维线弹性问题的余能原理基面力元法。该方法以基线力表征物体的受力状态,以其对偶量位移梯度表征物体的变形状态。通过重力坝算例与平面4节点等参元(Q4模型)和平面4节点减缩积分单元(Q4R模型)的对比分析,探讨了基面力元法应用于重力坝应力分析的可行性。数值分析结果表明,基于余能原理的基面力元法具有较高的计算精度,可以应用于重力坝应力分析问题,有较广阔的应用前景。     

对森林资源价值及其补偿问题的思考

从森林对于人类的价值、人类认识的森林资源价值与森林资源价格等方面,分析为何要探讨森林资源的价值,探析森林资源价值被掩盖的原因,研究待补偿森林资源价值的确定,提出森林资源价值补偿交易的出资人与补偿对象和森林资源价值补偿交易双方的权责问题。     

产业结构互补与竞争格局举证:中国与韩国

中国与韩国互为重要的贸易伙伴,两国在参与国际分工中以互补为主,竞争为辅,产业分工呈现垂直型向水平型逐渐过渡趋势。脱工业化进程中的韩国知识密集型产业比重将不断提高,未来的出口将从产品导向转为知识导向;而中国在制造业繁荣的背后也面临转型升级的压力,因为从贸易条件来看,中国长期对韩贸易逆差是基于产业结构差异,而不是产业生产效率。     

论互补资产与电动汽车产业技术创新

本文分析了互补资产在汽车发展史上两次主导设计竞争中的作用,指出制约电动汽车成为主流汽车产品的主要因素就是充电设施不足。如果解决了这一问题,电动汽车就会成为城市家庭乘用车市场的主流产品,这对于降低对石油的依赖性和减少城市汽车尾气污染是有积极意义的。本文探讨了我国电动汽车产业技术创新中存在企业规模小、研发力量分散,产品价格高、消费者购买意愿不足,政策不配套、充电设施缺乏投资等现实问题,提出了联合组建研发公司、开发共性技术、实施不对称管制措施、培育消费者、打破垄断、引导社会资本投向充电网络建设等对策建议。     

大同侏罗纪松软破碎炭质泥岩顶板巷道支护技术研究

为了解决大同煤集团永定庄煤矿15#煤层巷道顶板的破碎问题,采用实验室试验、现场实测及理论分析相结合的方法,系统研究了支护方案,确定了支护参数,进行了支护设计,通过井下工业性实验。     

黔粤区域协调发展的有利因素、不利因素及转化

文章分析了黔粤区域协调发展具有资源的互补性、文化的同质性、交通的便利性、良好的合作基础、和谐的领导关系五大有利因素的同时，也存在发展观念、经济体制、经济实力、行政区划四大不利因素，提出应通过设立专门的区域协调发展的领导机构、制定黔粤区域协调发展的规范、建立区域利益协调机制、打破行政区划障碍与行政性壁垒四条措施加以转化，以促进黔粤区域协调发展。     

Strategic incentives to human capital

Motivating human capital in knowledge‐intensive activities is a serious managerial challenge because it is difficult to link rewards to actions or performance. Firms instead might motivate knowledge workers by offering them opportunities to increase personal benefits (e.g., learning, satisfaction) through autonomy in the decision‐making process. Our model shows that firms can offer less autonomy in projects closer to their core business: Because firm specialization raises the value of the project's outcomes, it also increases the benefits for knowledge workers, who derive motivation even though they make fewer decisions to support their realization of personal goals. Projects farther from the core offer weaker firm contributions, so firms can motivate knowledge workers by allowing them to benefit from greater autonomy. We discuss several implications of our analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Environmental management systems and green supply chain management: complements for sustainability?

Some researchers question the legitimacy of EMSs since organizations can claim to have one when in fact they make no attempt to reduce their environmental harm. In instances where EMSs enhance an organization's environmental performance, critics argue that improvements are likely to occur within the organization's operational boundaries rather than being extended throughout the supply chain. However, previous research suggests that the organizational capabilities required to adopt an EMS may facilitate GSCM implementation and the institutional pressures to adopt both management practices are similar. Consequently, EMS adopters may have a greater propensity to expand their focus beyond their organizational boundaries and utilize GSCM practices to minimize system‐wide environmental impacts. This research illuminates the debate by empirically evaluating the relationship between EMS and GSCM practices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

替代还是互补?——中国政府消费与居民消费关系实证分析

政府消费与居民消费的关系不仅是财政理论需要关注的重要问题,同时也影响到政府公共预算的合理性以及公众福利的改善。基于代表性消费者均衡模型,利用11个省份的面板数据分析政府消费与居民消费的关系及其影响程度。对面板数据的单位根检验和协整分析表明:中国的政府消费对居民消费产生长期替代效应,替代系数为1.04～1.44;进一步分析省际的替代系数也验证了中国政府消费对居民消费的替代效应。由此给出的政策意义是,节制政府消费支出,国民收入分配应更多地向居民倾斜,同时通过减税和加大转移支付力度等方式提高居民的消费倾向。