不完备决策系统中发现偏好概率规则的粗糙集方法

为了从有偏好信息但信息不完全的多属性决策系统中获取概率决策规则,提出一种新的不完全信息的多属性粗糙决策分析方法。首先,提出扩展优势关系下相容度的概念;其次,基于相容度给出知识的粗糙近似,并证明了粗糙近似的基本性质;再次,给出粗糙近似的分类质量与β-约简的概念,并从不完全信息的偏好决策系统中导出概率决策规则;最后,通过一个实例说明新方法的可行性和有效性。     

论财务目标与公司治理目标的关系

通过目前较流行的"股东至上"治理模式和"共同治理"模式的比较,我们认为"共同治理"模式将逐渐替代"股东至上"模式。"共同治理"模式决定公司治理目标与财务目标——企业价值最大化。同时,企业的财务目标与公司治理目标在同一治理模式下存在一致性。     

An ‘oil’igopoly theory of exploration

This paper develops a theory of ‘oil’igopoly exploration of an exhaustible resource. Strategic exploration and production are jointly derived in a three period subgame perfect equilibrium. While the ‘oil’igopoly theory of exploration shares many features with non-strategic models of exploration and production, there is one important difference. The ‘oil’igopoly theory of exploration predicts that firms who exhaust their proved reserves before they can convert their unproved reserves into proved reserves have an incentive to over-explore, relative to the Nash equilibrium level of exploration. A simple empirical prediction is that firms holding smaller proved reserves should be observed doing more exploration. This prediction is consistent with country-level production and reserve data in the post-World War II era.     

Stability,sequential rationality,and subgame consistency

In this paper we analyze dynamic strategic behavior by means of the idea of "stability." We develop a solution concept of "sequentially stable equilibrium (SSE)" that satisfies subgame consistency. All SSEs are characterized by the largest stable set that yields exactly all the backward induction outcomes. We also provide a refinement of the SSE. We compare the SSE and its refinement with some existing solution concepts in the literature We are grateful to the editor and two anonymous referees for very useful comments and suggestions that led to this revision. We thank Chih Chang, Yi-Chun Chen, Chenying Huang, Huiwen Koo, Man-Chung Ng, Shyh-fang Ueng, and Chun-Hsien Yeh for helpful comments and discussions. We also thank participants in seminars at Academia Sinica, National Dong Hwa University, and the Third Pan-Pacific Game Theory Conference. Financial support from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC), the National Science Council of Taiwan, and the Economic and Social Research Council of the UK is gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies.     

The importance of selecting appropriate adjective pairs for measuring attitude based on the semantic differential method

The aim of this study is to verify whether a given semantic differential scale is appropriate for measuring attitudes toward four health-related behaviors: smoking cigarettes; using oral contraceptives; breast self-examination; and using dental floss. 193 undergraduate university women completed an attitudinal questionnaire concerning these behaviors and three months later the corresponding behaviors were self-reported. Internal consistency values varied from 0.49 to 0.83 and the attitude-behavior correlations fluctuated between 0.12 and 0.64. The lowest alpha value was associated with the lowest attitude-behavior correlation. The results are discussed in terms of the relevance and the semantic stability of the pair of adjectives used to assess the attitude construct.     

Nonparametric regression function estimation using interaction least squares splines and comlexity regularization

Let (X, Y) be a pair of random variables withsupp(X)⊆[0,1] ^l andEY ²<∞. Letm ^* be the best approximation of the regression function of (X, Y) by sums of functions of at mostd variables (1≤d≤l). Estimation ofm ^* from i.i.d. data is considered. For the estimation interaction least squares splines, which are defined as sums of polynomial tensor product splines of at mostd variables, are used. The knot sequences of the tensor product splines are chosen equidistant. Complexity regularization is used to choose the number of the knots and the degree of the splines automatically using only the given data. Without any additional condition on the distribution of (X, Y) the weak and strongL ₂-consistency of the estimate is shown. Furthermore, for everyp≥1 and every distribution of (X, Y) withsupp(X)⊆[0,1] ^l ,y bounded andm ^* p-smooth, the integrated squared error of the estimate achieves up to a logarithmic factor the (optimal) rate      

国家信用体系的多维指数方法及实证研究

在国家信用体系的研究中,一直缺乏深入的、正式的国际比较实证研究。其原因之一就是缺少很好的描述国家信用体系的结构化方法。文章在Jentzsch研究的基础上试图将指数方法引入国家信用体系,提出了国家信用体系的“SCRR-E”四维生态概念模型,并在此基础上构建了一套描述国家信用体系的多维TT指数模型,利用世界银行对全球34个国家的调查数据进行实证研究,检验了TT效用型指数与Jentzsch研究中Fisher指数的一致性,结果表明指数方法有相当的稳健性和可靠性。     

企业共生营销战略评价体系建设

企业实施共生营销战略,即通过结成共生关系促进经济资源的有效配置,进而达到优化企业资源、提高市场竞争力并共同发展的目的。共生营销战略的评价体系是整个共生战略实施过程中的最后一个环节,评价战略伙伴的选择、合作的相容性以及战略实施效果,可以有效地总结经验,对企业今后经营战略的制定与实施起到基础导航作用。     

基于目标理论的混合产品评价效应研究

以目标理论为基础,文章通过实验验证了消费者对混合产品的评价存在两条路径——目标启发效应和目标稀释效应：当混合产品的基础产品是典型产品时,添加目标一致附加功能评价最好;当基础产品是非典型产品时,添加目标不一致附加功能的评价最好;当同样是添加目标一致功能,消费者对以典型产品为基础的混合产品评价,要高于以非典型产品为基础的混合产品的评价;而当同样是添加目标不一致功能,消费者对以非典型产品为基础的混合产品的评价,要高于以典型产品为基础的混合产品的评价。     

国际金融危机下的政策调整：宏观波动与微观行为如何联动

全球不平衡导致的金融危机在造成宏观经济大幅波动的同时,也对微观层次的企业和家庭带来了巨大冲击。因此,政策调整应致力于协调宏观波动与微观行为之间的关系,避免出现宏观与微观的不一致性。为此,量化宽松的货币政策应把握经济增长与通货膨胀之间的关系,财政政策应克服“二次探底”的潜在挑战,而人民币国际化则将增强中国在国际货币体系中的话语权,并从根本上克服被迫的外汇储备累积和“货币错配”。